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تعارض در رویکردهای استراتژیک قدرتهای منطقهای و فرامنطقهای به مسائل امنیّتی قفقاز جنوبی | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 44، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 81، آبان 1391، صفحه 45-68 اصل مقاله (430.34 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2012.24980 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا پیشگاهی فرد1؛ سید رحمت ا... موسوی فر2 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکدهی جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدهی جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تدبیر سیاسی در عرصهی سیاست خارجی، چونان بازی شطرنجی میماند که در آن فرآیند شناخت، تجزیه و تحلیل و گمانهزنی اقدام بازیگران، از اهمّیّت بهسزایی برخوردار است. بر این اساس استراتژی بهمثابه طرحی کلان برای ارتقای جایگاه بازیگر در معادلات استراتژیک با استفاده از مجموع توان ملّی، موضوعیّت مییابد. از این دیدگاه، جهان سیاست عرصهی ظهور و برخورد استراتژیها در ابعاد مختلف امنیّتی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و نظامی ارزیابی میشود. بهطور مسلّم پس از فروپاشی اتّحاد جماهیر شوروی و شکلگیری واحدهای سیاسی مستقل در حوزهی قفقاز جنوبی، هر یک از قدرتهای منطقهای و فرامنطقهای برای دستیابی به منافع استراتژیک و گسترش حوزهی نفوذ خود به این منطقه رویکردهای استراتژیکی متنوّع و گاه متضادی را در پیش گرفتند که این رویکردها مسائل امنیّتی قفقاز جنوبی را بهشدّت تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. نگارندگان مقالهی پیشرو، ضمن تشریح رویکرد استراتژیک قدرتهای منطقهای و فرامنطقهای به مسائل امنیّتی قفقاز جنوبی، این پرسش را مطرح کردهاند که رویکرد استراتژیک قدرتهای منطقهای و فرامنطقهای چه تأثیری بر مسائل امنیّتی حوزهی قفقاز جنوبی برجای گذاشته است؟ گمان میرود رویکرد قدرتها بر تشدید تهدیدهای امنیّتی در منطقه نقش اساسی داشته است. این پژوهش میکوشد تا با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای و بررسی اسناد و مدارک به پرسش فوق پاسخ دهد. در پایان با توجّه به ماهیت متفاوت و متعارض رویکردهای استراتژیک قدرتها، ما به جای این که شاهد منطقهای باثبات و امنیّت بالا باشیم که در آن یک الگوی واحد امنیّتی وجود دارد، شاهد تشدید تهدیدهای امنیّتی در موضوعات استراتژیک این منطقه هستیم. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| استراتژیک؛ امنیّت؛ رویکرد؛ ژئوپلیتیک.؛ قدرتهای منطقهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Conflict in Strategic Approaches Regional and Super Regional Powers to Security Problems in Southern Caucasus | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra pishgahi fard1؛ S. R. Musavi Far2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction In future decades, a new global structure based on a widespread global cooperation will be formed. Which is on the basis of Geopolitics realities of the actors? The special task of this axial and dominant group is guarantee of the world's peace and stability. In such structure, as a different type must do the play of power. After collapsing USSR We are watching forming a new thinking in the area of strategic analyses which their aim is improving the actor's place aiming to create balance in strategic equivalents. USA, Europe, Russia, Iran and Turkey were the main countries that after collapsing USSR, Tried to make relations with the new independent countries. Also of this tries were not applied monotony and very country considering their own strategic , Economic ,Political and cultural priorities , Acted with the region countries and the countries of Caucasus region also based on their specific considerations were defining the foreign relations .As a result Caucasus countries wished or unwished ,Entered into the worldwide and regional strategic ranking and the consequents of this strategic rankings and the consequent of this strategic ranking , Created a relative balance between region countries interests and international actors. Based on strategic approach, Security issues of Caucasus in a frame of new big play are analyzed in the region. Methodology This study employs the analytical –descriptive research method using documentation and literature review, which data have been gathered from bibliographic methods. Analysis was made through applying syllogistic reasoning and data were analyzed with qualitative method. Due to the connection of research with peripheral and spatial interactions data analyzed by the qualitative method. Results and Discussion Research question What has the strategic approach of the regional and super regional powers left on the security problems of the southern Caucasus zone? Research hypothesis It seems that regarding two conflicting nature of the strategic approaches of the powers, security threats have increased in southern Caucasus. Theoretical basics Security in the interpret school, is a practical sense. Because security policies of each person or a political unit, determined based on goals and motives that perceive the security nature, without paying attention to it, is impossible. About security and security approach of regional and super regional powers to Caucasus area, Can distinguish motivate layers from each other which usually cared: Dominance, Justification, Satisfaction, Statuesque and Existence which everyone create a special security policy. Research Findings American policy after collapsing USSR , In one word , politic , Not based on energy situation , But formed based on strategic and security understandings , Which this is a reflection of worldwide and inside situation of the United states. All of things we see from America in practice, the main core including: 1.All aspects superiority of America. 2. Haltering Iran and Russia. Europe union's three main strategies in which the document of "UN's security strategy” Presented to confronting the worldwide threats under the title of "Strategic aims "Including: Based on the first strategy, Means" Expanding security area to Europe sides" UN must play a special role in stability and correct governing of the un separately neighbors'. Making an international order depending upon effective multi sadism and confronting to threats are two other strategies cared by UN. UN tendency to play a global role that reflected in foreign policy and common security well, it is necessary to strengthening UN's effective penetration in developments of the regions such as southern Caucasus. By considering tribal structure, this region can be considered either as an opportunity or threat. In case of lack of connecting and organizing ties and lack of act to the regional convergence, this issue can be used by rival powers and be the source of threats against Iran. In the other hand, trying to converge and connection can cause to security collection in the north of Iran Which make different opportunities for foreign policies and diplomacy and reduce strategic lateness of Iran. An issue, which is now one of the strategic difficulties for this country. Caucasus in Western Caspian Sea, Strategically, Is a security area for Russia and the presence of the foreign powers affected on Russia security. The Russians try hard to fight with the rival powers; Including Iran which is going to increase its presence in Caucasus, Furthermore the presence of America and its alliance Turkey and Israel also are concerning in the region. Moscow is so sensitive to security plans needing the presence of other countries in the region and hasn’t the fear to act even military. In feat, Turkey's point of view is based on supporting west presence in Caucasus region. This viewpoint, Is highly against Iran and Russia viewpoint in Caucasus region. It seems, Turkey's geopolitics' is opening toward the West. Whatever the geopolitics of a country becomes more opened it will have a higher position in the world geopolitics. Conclusion The founds of the noted research are including the intention of regional and super regional actors and their conceptions from the strategic position caused forming powers approach to this region and certainly every power who has a higher situation, Irises its intentions comes to true than others. And according to the presented issues, concluded that every country which can be more united and cooperated whit other powers, Can better use the achieved circumstances and going ahead with the aims. Each of regional and super regional powers try to penetrate and affecting on the countries of this region, for making balance in the strategic equivalents. But because of the controversy of powers interests, their competitions cause affecting on the security issues in the southern Caucasus. An important point about the approach of these powers to the southern Caucasus is lacking any attention to the other powers approach to the region and this caused a conflict in the strategic approach of these powers. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Caucasus., power, Regional, strategic, Super Regional | ||
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