پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,998,881 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,673,412 |
تاثیر تفرج بر زادآوری، پوشش علفی و خاک (مطالعه موردی: پارک جنگلی نور) | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 65، شماره 3، مهر 1391، صفحه 271-283 اصل مقاله (309.01 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfwp.2012.30079 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید بخشی1؛ منوچهر نمیرانیان2؛ مجید مخدوم3؛ قوام‌الدین زاهدی امیری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گردشگری در بسیاری از نواحی طبیعی جهان به‌عنوان یک استراتژی توسعه مطرح بوده و اکوتوریسم به‌طور ویژه به‌عنوان یک گزینه مناسب برای رسیدن به توسعه پایدار می‌باشد. در نتیجه ضروری‌ست اثرات گسترده بخش اکوتوریسم بر روی منابع طبیعی مطالعه شود. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تفرج در 4 منطقه تفرج متمرکز، تفرج گسترده، منطقه قرق شده بعد از تفرج متمرکز و منطقه شاهد در پارک جنگلی نور می‌پردازد. در هر منطقه درصد پوشش علفی، تعداد زادآوری، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و درصد تخلخل در دو عمق سطحی و زیری و همچنین میزان ماده‌آلی خاک اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد شدت تفرج بر درصد پوشش علفی، مقدار زادآوری، میزان کوبیدگی و تخلخل در عمق cm5-0 خاک موثر است ولی بر روی مقدار ماده آلی خاک تاثیر ندارد. در منطقه تفرج متمرکز مقدار کوبیدگی خاک در عمق cm5-0 افزایش و میزان تخلخل نسبت به منطقه شاهد کاهش یافته بود. منطقه تفرج متمرکز، درصد پوشش علفی و زادآوری بسیار کمی نسبت به منطقه شاهد داشت که حاکی از تخریب حاصل از تفرج شدید می‌باشد.نتایج بررسی نشان دهنده تاثیر کم تفرج گسترده می‌باشد. درصد پوشش علفی در منطقه قرق به کندی در حال افزایش بود، ولی میزان زادآوری آن از سایر مناطق بیشتر است. وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک منطقه قرق نیز با منطقه شاهد تفاوت معنی داری نداشت که می‌تواند بیانگر بازگشت حالت منطقه تفرج شدید بعد از قرق به حالت جنگل طبیعی باشد. با توجه به نتایج کلی می‌توان با ایجاد چند منطقه تفرج متمرکز و قرق دوره‌ای آنها مانع تخریب بیش | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اثرات تفرج؛ پارک جنگلی نور؛ پوشش علفی؛ زادآوری؛ کوبیدگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The impact of recreation on regeneration, herbaceous cover and soil quality (A case study: Nour forest park) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| x x1؛ xx xx2؛ x xxx3؛ ss sss3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tourism is considered in many natural regions of world as a development strategy and specifically ecotourism is a suitable option for achieving sustainable development. Therefore it is necessary to identify widespread effects of ecotourism on the natural resource. This study assessed the effect of recreation in four regions including intensive recreation, extensive recreation, grazed after intensive recreation and control region in Nour Forest Park. In each region herbaceous cover, regeneration rate, bulk density and soil porosity in surface and subsurface as well as organic matter were measured. The results showed that intensity of recreation is effective on the amount of herbaceous cover, the amount of regeneration, the amount of compaction and the porosity in 0-5 cm soil depth but had no impact on the amount of soil organic matter. In the intensive recreation region the amount of soil compaction in 0-5 cm and the porosity were increased and decreased respectively in comparison with the control region. Intensive recreation region had very low herbaceous cover and regeneration compared to the control region which is the results of damage of intensive recreation. The result showed that a extensive recreation has low impact.. Herbaceous cover was slowly rising in grazed region but regeneration is more than other regions. Soil bulk density in grazed region was not significantly different compared to the control region that can indicate the recovery of intensive recreation region to natural forest condition. The results suggest that determining some intensive recreation region and periodic fencing them is a may preven | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Compaction, herbaceous cover, Nour forest park, recreation effects, Regeneration | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Atic, M. Seleuk, S. and Karaguzel, O. 2009. Impact of Recreational Trampling on the Natural Vegetation in Termessos National Park, Antalya-Turkey, Tarim Bilimeri Dergisi. vol. 15(3). 249-258. - Barzehkar, Gh. 1995. Identify plant species and communities of Nour forest park, M.SC. thesis. Department of Natural Resources. Tarbiate Modarres University. 126 pp. - Baybordi, M. 1981. Soil Physics, Tehran University Press. 501 pp. - Saeedi ashtiani, H. 1984. Iranian parks and place for recreation. Karaj Press. 154 pp. - Chin, C. l. Moore, S. Wallingto, J. and Dowling, k. 2000. Ecotourism in Bako National Park, Borneo: Visitors’ Perspectives on Environmental Impacts and their Management. Journal of sustainable Tourism. Vol. 8(1). 20-35. - Cole, D. and Monaz, C. 2004. Spatial patterns of recreation impact on experimental campsites, Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 70. 105-122. - Deng, J. Qiang, Sh. Walker, G. and Zhang, Y. 2003. Assessment on and Perception of Visitors’ Environmental Impacts of Nature Tourism: A Case Study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China, Journal of sustainable Tourism. Vol. 11(6). 529-548. - Jim, C.Y. 1987. Camping impacts on vegetation and soil in a Hong Kong country park, Applied Geography. Vol. 7(4). 317-332. - Kine, j. 2001. Tourism and natural resource management: a general overview of research and issues, general technical report. PNW-GRT-506. 10 pp. - Kissling, M. Tessa, H. Rusterholz, H. and Baur, B. 2009. Short-term and long-term effects of human trampling on above-ground vegetation, soil density, soil organic matter and soil microbial processes in suburban beech forests Applied Soil Ecology. Vol. 42. 303-314. - Lindsay, K. Craig, j. and low, m. 2008. Tourism and conservation: The effects of track proximity on avian reproductive success and nest selection in an open sanctuary, Tourism Management. vol. 29. 730-739. - Makhdoom, M. and Khorasani, N. 1984. Compare recreation and timber harvest of impacts in reached northern ecosystems, collegiate Jahad Press, 188 pp. - Malakooti, M.J. and Homaei, M. 1994. Soil fertility by dry lands, Tarbiate Modarres University Press, 494 pp. - Mansourfar, k. 2003. Statistical methods, University of Tehran press. 394 pp - Manuela, A. Bebayas, j. Castilllejos, T. Serrano, F. Morote, F. and Barja, A. 2005. impact of visitors on soil and vegetationof the recreational area, environmental monitoring and assessment. Vol. 10. 55-67. - MarVie mohadjer, M.R. 2007. Silviculture, University of Tehran press, 387 PP. - Mingyu, Y. Hens, L. Xiaokun, O. and Wulf, R. 2009. Impacts of recreational trampling on sub-alpine vegetation and soils in Northwest Yunnan, China, Acta Ecologica Sinica. Vol 29.171-175. - Mortezapour, S. Mohajer, M. Saghebtalebi, KH. and Zahedi, GH. 2005. Investigate the relationship regeneration of beech trees with the form earth, Quarterly Scientific Forest Research and Populus of Research. Vol. 13. 447-474. - Obua, j. 1997. The Potential, Development and Ecological Impact of Ecotourism in Kibale National Park, Uganda, Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 50. 27-38. - Pariente, S. and Zhevelev, H. M. 2007. Effect of visitors’ pressure on soil and vegetation in several different micro-environments in urban parks in Tel Aviv, Landscape and Urban Planning. vol. 83. 284-293. - Pickering, C. M. Hill, W. Newsome, D. and Leung, Y. 2010. Comparing hiking, mountain biking and horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and the United States of America, Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 91. 551-562. - Pickering, C.M. and Growcock, A. 2009. Impacts of experimental trampling on tall alpine herbfields and subalpine grasslands in the Australian Alps, Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 91.532-540. - Pirmohammadi, Z. 2007. Assessment ecological and forestry plan approach nature tourism (ecotourism) in the Zagros forests, M.SC thesis, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran university. 100 pp. - Rickard, C.A. McLachlan, A. and Kerley, G. 1994. The effects of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on dune vegetation in South Africa, Ocean & Coastal Management. Vol. 23(3). 225-247. - Shields, d. a. 1993. Comparison of clod and core methods for determination of soil bulk density, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 24(17). 2517-2528. - Sun, d. and Liddle, m. 1993. A Survey of Trampling Effects on Vegetation and Soil in Eight Tropical and Subtropical Sites, Environmental Management. Vol. 17(4). 497-510. - Whinam, J. and Chilcott, N. 2003. Impacts after four years of experimental trampling on alpine/sub-alpine environments in western Tasmania, Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 67. 205-220. - Yuksek, T. 2009. Effect of Visitor Activities on Surface Soil Environmental Conditions and Aboveground Herbaceous Biomass in Ayder Natural Park, Clean. Vol. 37(2). 170-175. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,774 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,863 |
||