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ارتقای کیفیت محیطی و رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محلات جدید با اولویت‌بندی اقدامات بر اساس نظرهای ساکنان (نمونة موردی: کاشان) | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 39، شماره 4، اسفند 1392، صفحه 1-16 اصل مقاله (556.22 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2014.36458 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| منوچهر طبیبیان1؛ یاسر منصوری* 2 | ||
| 1استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبای دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبای دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| رشد سریع جمعیت در بسیاری از شهرهای ایران سبب شده است که بسیاری از محله‌های جدید به سرعت و برای تأمین نیاز مسکن شکل گیرند. پایین‌بودن کیفیت محله‌ها، مشکلات اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی سبب شده است سطح رضایت‌مندی ساکنان از زندگی در این محله‌ها پایین باشد. از آنجا که رضایت‌مندی از ابعاد و ویژگی‌های مختلف محله، بر کیفیت زندگی ساکنان تأثیرگذار است، در این مقاله شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی بهمنزلة مشخص‌کنندة ویژگی‌های مختلف محله، مطالعه شدند. این مقاله سعی دارد برای ارتقای رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محلات جدید، ابتدا با استفاده از شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی در مقیاس محله، مهم‌ترین عامل‌هایی را که در رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محله تأثیر‌گذار‌ند شناسایی و سپس این شاخص‌ها را اولویت‌بندی کند تا پیشنهادهایی برای ارتقای کیفیت این محلات بدهد. شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی مورد بررسی عبارت است از: کیفیت‌های کالبدی، ارتباطات اجتماعی، دسترسی به تأسیسات و تجهیزات شهری، هویت مکانی، سرزندگی، ایمنی و امنیت. عامل‌های کیفیت محیطی استخراج‌شده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، بهمنزلة متغیر مستقل و رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محله بهمنزلة متغیر وابسته در مدل رگرسیون چند‌متغیرة خطی به کار گرفته شدند. نتایج این مقاله نشان می‌دهند که ارتباط مستقیمی بین رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محله و کیفیت محیطی وجود دارد و شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی در حدود 75 درصد از تغییرات رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محله را تعریف می‌کنند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند عوامل اجتماعی همچون هویت و روابط اجتماعی با ضریب 658/0 و سرزندگی فضاهای محله با ضریب 435/0 مهم‌ترین عامل‌های تأثیرگذار بر رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در این محلات بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اولویت‌بندی اقدامات رضایت‌مندی از زندگی در محله؛ کیفیت محیطی؛ محله | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Improvement of Environmental Quality and Satisfaction of Living in New Neighbourhoods by Priority of Actions on the Basis of Residents’ Views (Case Study, Kashan) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Manochehr Tabibian1؛ Yaser Mansouri2 | ||
| 1Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of urban planning, University collage of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Master of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of urban planning, University collage of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Historic cities and neighbourhoods in Iran couldn’t adjust themselves to quick changes of the recent decades and have lost their quality in many aspects. Regardless of different cultural, economic and social conditions, new neighbourhoods have been formed next to old areas of the cities. Although these new areas welcom ed new functions, they couldn’t provide suitable environments for their residents. This paper intends to promote the environmental quality and people satisfaction of living in neighborhood by recognizing and prioritizing the main environmental quality factors which have effect on satisfaction of living in neighborhood. Ghotb-E-Ravandi neighborhood where is developed in the last few decades was selected for this study. This neighborhood is located adjacent to historical fabric of Kashan City, in center of Iran. Materials and Methods The research method is an evaluation of residents. To determine the required samples for the evaluation, Cochran technique was applied. The indicators were measured by questionnaire was distributed among 164 residents or 321 housing units in Ghotb-E-Ravandi Neighbourhood. The actual samples were selected by the systematic sampling method by mapping the housing units. Data obtained through the residents interviews were entered into a microcomputer and then analyzed by using SPSS. Each indicator was measured by at least two questions with five different answer levels (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). Finally arithmetic mean of each category of questions was obtainded and scores of each indicator was applied in factor analysis technique. Results and Discussion The indicators are including physical qualities, social relationships, accessibility, place identity, vitality, safety, security and urban facilities. These indicators, mostly qualitative in nature, were then divided into several subindicators, based on area, city, and social and cultural contexts. To do this, the 32 indicators were selected from other studies and literature reviews. Because of the large number of indicators, multiple linear regression analysis cannot run in one step. Therefore, the 32 indicators were summarized in 6 factors by using factor analysis technique (Table 1). To find the relation between residential environment quality and satisfaction of living in neighborhood, multiple linear regression analyses were used. In this analysis, dependent variable is satisfaction from living in new neighbourhoods and independent variables are the 6 factors which are extracted from factor analysis technique. By using multiple linear regression in SPSS, results of the study is summarized in 6 different models. In the models, the sixth one includes more variable and higher adjusted R square value (75.1%) compared with others. Such figure covers 75.1% of changes of the satisfaction from living in neighbourhood that includes highest percentage among models. Besides, the Std. errors of the estimate are less than other models. Confidence interval in all factors is 100% and DW1 statistical test is 2.3 which are appropriate2 for this model (Table 2). Table 1. Extracted Environmental quality factors from factor analysis technique correlate with factor variables correlate with factor Factor Variables Permeability 0.903 Quality of houses 0.637 Quality of play grounds 0.867 easy and safe walking and biking 0.617 Access to green space 0.906 Sense of safety and security 0.620 Quality of green spaces 0.809 Design based on local climate 0.497 Recognition of landmarks in 0.751 neighborhood Vacant and abandoned areas 0.463 F1: quality and existence of public spaces Residents relationship 0.566 interaction with city managers 0.507 social interaction and participation in 0.677 residents’ responsibility 0.797 public activities Sense of belonging and attachment to 0.714 A place that gives dignity 0.678 neighborhood well-connected with important 0.711 parts of the city Evokes memories in places 0.582 F2: Identification and social relationship Neighborhood center and sense of 0.583 Mixed use 0.583 central location Aesthetic aspects of the neighborhood 0.712 Access to daily services 0.595 Safety and security traveling at 0.507 night adequate open spaces between buildings 0.538 F3: Vitality in neighbourhood spaces Absence of environmental pollution 0.730 Absence of noise pollution 0.808 Easy access to downtown 0.501 F4: Absence of environmental pollution F5: Legibility Tendency to live in neighborhood 0.896 Legibility 0.896 No automobile dependence 0.759 Access to public transport 0.560 Access to urban facilities 0.671 F6: Access to urban facilities Note. Only structural coefficients above 0.40 are reported. Table 2. Comparison of 6 regression models to show the relations between environmental quality and satisfaction of living in neighbourhood Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson 1 .658a .433 .429 .661 2 .788b .621 .617 .541 3 .820c .673 .667 .504 4 .847d .718 .711 .470 5 .864e .746 .738 .448 6 .872f .760 .751 .436 2.034 All variables are positive and at the same direction that is shown by increasing in each factor value, satisfaction from living in neighbourhood will be increased. Beta coefficient indicates the importance of factors in changing the satisfaction from living in neighbourhood. Thus, if Beta coefficient of one variable is more than another, this may show that the variable has more impact on the residents’ judgement. Regression formula includes main phenomenon (Satisfaction from living in neighbourhood) as dependant variable. The factors as independent variable are as follow: Y= 0.166X1 + 0.658X2 + 0.435X3 + 0.227X4 + 0.212X5 + 0.120X6 Y: Satisfaction from living in new neighbourhood X1: Quality and existence of public spaces X2: Identification and social relationship X3: Vitality in neighbourhood spaces X4: Absence of environmental pollution X5: Legibility X6: Access to urban facilities Identification and social relationship and Vitality in neighbourhood spaces have the most impact, in order, on the satisfaction from living in new neighbourhoods. Conclusions Correlation of 75.1 percent between dependent and independent variables shows the impact of environmental quality on satisfaction from living in neighbourhood. In the same way 75.1% of changes in dependent variable could be explained through independent environmental qualities variables. Therefore, environmental quality has direct relationship with satisfaction of living in neighbourhood. For prioritization of indicators, Beta quotient which shows the proportion of each factor on the satisfaction was used. Then, by multiplying the Beta quotient by the proportion of each indicator in their factor, the impact of each indicator was recognized in the satisfaction. In the next step, by multiplying this amount by inverted average of indicator grade, the arrangement of priority of indicators for promotion of satisfaction by living in neighbourhood can be achieved. At the end, for promotion of the satisfaction, some solutions was recommended. The main physical indicators that should be considered to promote the satisfaction are including neighbourhood that is well-connected with important parts of the city, aesthetic aspects of the neighbourhood, mixed use, neighbourhood center and sense of central location. The main social indicators are residents’ responsibility, social interaction and participation in public activities, and interaction with city managers. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Environmental quality, neighbourhood, priority of actions, satisfaction by living in neighbourhood | ||
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