![سامانه نشر مجلات علمی دانشگاه تهران](./data/logo.png)
تعداد نشریات | 162 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,578 |
تعداد مقالات | 71,072 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 125,690,035 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 98,919,340 |
بازدارندگی حقوق بین الملل کیفری و تأثیر آن در جوامع انتقالی | ||
مطالعات حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 1، شماره 1، دی 1393، صفحه 119-143 اصل مقاله (365.87 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jqclcs.2014.54928 | ||
نویسنده | ||
مهین سبحانی* | ||
استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه گیلان | ||
چکیده | ||
با اینکه حقوق بینالملل کیفری به دنبال تحقق اهداف مختلفی است، در بین این اهداف، بازدارندگی اهمیت عمدهای دارد. این اهمیت به دلیل ارتباط بازدارندگی با مسئلۀ صلح و امنیت بینالمللی است. این فرض وجود دارد که اجرای عدالت کیفری بینالمللی میتواند مانع از ارتکاب جرایم بیشتر شود و به این ترتیب به حفظ صلح و امنیت بینالمللی منجر شود. در این نوشتار ضمن بررسی نقش بازدارندگی حقوق بینالملل کیفری، تأثیر آن در تحقق صلح و ثبات در جوامع انتقالی ارزیابی میشود. فرضیۀ قابل طرح آن است که اثر بازدارندۀ حقوق بینالملل کیفری کمتر از آن چیزی است که ادعا میشود. با توجه به مشکلات پیشِ رویِ جامعۀ بینالمللی در جلوگیری از ارتکاب جرایم بیشتر، صرف اتکا بر بازدارنده بودن حقوق بینالملل کیفری و تلاش جهت ارتقای شدت و بهویژه قطعیت مجازاتها کفایت نمیکند، بلکه باید به سایر سازوکارهای موجود در جوامع انتقالی جهت تحقق بازدارندگی و کاهش نرخ ارتکاب جرایم بینالمللی و در نتیجه تحقق صلح و امنیت بینالمللی توجه کرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
صلح؛ عدالت کیفری بینالمللی؛ محاکم بینالمللی کیفری؛ مجازات | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Deterrence of International Criminal Law and its Impact on Transitional Societies | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mahin Sobhani | ||
Assistant Professor, University of Guilan, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The international criminal law pursuing different goals, however the goal of deterrence is of major importance. Deterrence due to its connection with the problem of international peace and security is important. It is assumed that international criminal justice can prevent committing more crimes and thus to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security. The aim of this paper is to investigate the deterrent role of international criminal law and evaluate its impact on peace and stability in the transitional societies. The main hypothesis is that the deterrent effect of the international criminal law is less than what is claimed. Given the problems facing the international community in preventing more crimes, reliance on the deterrence of international criminal law and promotion of certainty and severity of punishment are not enough. Other justice mechanisms in the transitional societies for the prevention and reduction of international crime rates should be considered to establish international peace and security | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
international criminal courts, International Criminal Justice, Peace, Punishment | ||
مراجع | ||
1- بیکس، برایان(1389)، فرهنگ نظریۀ حقوقی، مترجم، محمد راسخ، تهران، نشر نی، چاپ اول. 2- غلامی، حسین(1385)، عدالت ترمیمی، تهران، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی(سمت)، چاپ اول.
1- Akhavan, Payam(1998), Justice in The Hague, Peace in the Former Yugoslavia? A Commentary on the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal,Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 20, pp. 737-816.
2- Alvarez, Jose. E(1999), Crimes of States/Crimes of Hate: Lessons from Rwanda, The Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, pp. 365-483.
3- Asmal, Kader(2000), International Law and Practice: Dealing with the Past in the South African Experience, The Second Annual Grotius Lecture, American University of International Law Review, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 1211-1230.
4-Aukerman, Miriam. J(2002), Extraordinary Evil, Ordinary Crime: A Framework for Understanding Transitional Justice, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 15, pp. 39-98.
5- Bassiouni, Cherif. M(1996), Searching For Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need For Accountability, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 9-28.
6- Cassese, Antonio(1998), Reflections on International Criminal Justice, Modern Law Review, Vol . 61, No. 1, pp. 1-10.
7- Charney, Jonathan. I(1999), Editorial Comment: Progress in International Criminal Law?, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, pp. 452-464.
8- Damaska, Mirjan(2008), What Is the Point of International Criminal Justice?, Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 83, pp. 329-368.
9- Drumbl, Mark. A(2007), Atrocity, Punishment, and International Law, New York, Cambridge University Press.
10- Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union, (2014), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Available at: http://www.au.int/en/content/extraordinary-session-assembly-african-union
11- Ferencz, Benjamin(1998), International Criminal Courts: The Legacy of Nuremberg, Pace International Law Reviw, Vol. 10, pp. 203-236.
12- First Annual Report of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, (1994), A/49/342. Available at : http://www.icty.org/tabs/14/1
13- Goldsmith, Jack(2003), The Self-Defeating International Criminal Court, The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 70, pp. 89-104.
14- Hansen, Thomas. Obel(2011), Transitional Justice in Kenya? An Assessment of the Accountability Process in Light of Domestic Politics and Security Concerns, California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 1-36
15- Human Rights Watch(2005), Policy paper: the meaning of "the interests of justice" in Article 53 of the Rome Statute, Available at: http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=interestofjustice
16- Ku, Julian and Nzelibe, Jide(2006), Do International Criminal Tribunals Deter or Exacerbate Humanitarian Atrocities?, Washington University Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 777-834.
17- Margalioth, Yoram and Blumkin, Tomer(2006), Targeting the Majority: Redesigning Racial Profiling, Yale Law & Policy Review, Vol. 24, pp. 317-346.
18- Meron, Theodor(1995), From Nuremberg to The Hague, Military Law Review, Vol. 149, pp. 107-112.
19- Moore, Michael. S (1984), A Taxonomy of Purposes of Punishment, From Law and Psychiatry: Rethinking the Relationship,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, In Foundations of Criminal Law, Katz, Leo, Moore, Michael. S and Morse, Stephen. J(1999), New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 60-65.
20-Orentlicher, Diane. F(1991), Settling Accounts: The Duty To Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, pp. 2537-2618.
21- Oshea, Andreas(2004), Amnesty for Crime in International Law and Practice, Leiden, Netherlands, Kluwer Law International.
22- Prosecutor v. Zoran Kupre(ki), Mirjan Kupre(ki), Vlatko Kupre(ki), Drago Josipovi, Dragan Papi,Vladimir(Anti), Judgement, Case No IT-95-16T, 14 January 2000. Available at: http://www.icty.org/x/cases/Kupreskic/tjug/en/kup-tj000114e.pdf
23- Prosecutor v. Jean Kambanda, Judgement and Sentence, Case No ICTR-97-23-S, 4 September 1998. Available at: http://www.unictr.org/Portals/0/Case/English/Kambanda/decisions/kambanda.pdf
24- Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay, Morris Kallon,Augustine Gbao, Sentencig Judgment, Case No SCSL-04-15-T, 8 April 2009.Available at:
http://www.sc- sl.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=mRoVnfyCuFY%3d&tabid=215
25- Prosecutor v. Tihomir Bla(ki), Judgment, Case No.IT-95-14-T, 3 March 2000.Available at : http://www.icty.org/x/cases/blaskic/tjug/en/bla-tj000303e.pdf
26- Report on the Completion Strategy of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda(as at 11 May 2012), Letter dated 22 May 2012 from the President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2012/349, Available at: http://www.unictr.org/AboutICTRCompletionStrategy/tabid/118/Default.aspx
27- Resolution 955, 1994, S/RES/955, Available at : http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1994.shtml
28- Resolution 827, 1993, S/RES/827, Available at : http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolution/1993.shtml
29- Rodman, Kenneth. A(2008), Darfur and the Limits of Legal Deterrence, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 30, pp. 529-560.
30- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998, Available at: http://www.icc-cpi.int/
31- Schabas, William. A and Thakur, Ramesh(2007), Concluding Remarks: The Questions that Still Remain, In Atrocities and International Accountability: Beyond Transitional Justice, Hughes, Edel, Schabas, William. A and Thakur, Ramesh(2007), India, United Nation University Press, pp. 275-286.
32- Scharf, Michael. P, Trading Justice for Peace: The Contemporary Law and Policy Debate(2007) In Atrocities and International Accountability: Beyond Transitional Justice, Hughes, Edel, Schabas, William. A and Thakur, Ramesh(2007), India, United Nation University Press, pp. 246-275.
33- Sliedregt, Elies van(2006), Criminal Responsibility in International Law: Liability Shaped By Policy Goals and Moral Outrage, European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. 14/1, pp. 81-114.
34- Tallgren, Immi(2002), The Sensibility and Sense of International Criminal Law,European Journal of International law, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 561-595.
35- Wippman, David(2000), Atrocities, Deterrence, and the Limits of International Justice, Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 473-488.
Deterrence of International Criminal Law and Its Impact on Transitional Societies | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,818 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,466 |