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بررسی تأثیر اسانس چهار گیاه دارویی و دو گونة Trichoderma در کنترل زیستی قارچهای عامل پوسیدگی میوة انگور | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 5، شماره 1، خرداد 1395، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (995.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2016.58548 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی داوری* 1؛ رباب اعزازی2 | ||
| 1استادیار بیماری شناسی گیاهی گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری بیماری شناسی گیاهی گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| انگور همانند دیگر محصولات باغی به دلیل داشتن رطوبت زیاد، pH نسبی پایین و غنی بودن از مواد غذایی، در معرض حملة انواع بیمارگرهای قارچی در مراحل برداشت و انبارداری قرار دارد. در این تحقیق، در آغاز اقدام به جداسازی قارچهای بیماری‌زای پس از برداشت انگور در منطقة مشگین‌شهر شد و قارچهای Botrytis cinerea و Cladosporium cladosporioides بهعنوان گونه‌های غالب شناسایی شدند. Aspergillus tubingensis نیز به عنوان عامل پوسیدگی و زهرابه‌زا (توکسینزا) روی انگور و کشمش برای این بررسی انتخاب شد. سپس به منظور ارزیابی امکان کنترل زیستی (بیولوژیک) آن‌ها، تأثیر دو گونة Trichoderma harzianum T447 و T. hamatum T622 و اسانس چهار گیاه دارویی پونة کوهی، نعناع خوراکی، رازیانه و بومادران در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که هر دو گونة قارچ آنتاگونیست در رقابت تغذیه‌ای موفق‌تر از قارچهای بیمارگر هستند، ترکیبات فرّار این قارچها بیشترین تأثیر بازدارندگی را در تعامل با C. cladosporioides نشان دادند. غلظت 10 درصد ترشحات برون یاخته‌ای جدایة T. harzianum T447 نیز بازدارندگی بیش از 85 درصد علیه قارچهای بیمارگر نشان داد. همچنین معلوم شد که بین گونة قارچی، نوع اسانس و غلظت‌های مختلف آن در میزان بازدارندگی از رشد میسلیومی قارچها تفاوت معنی‌داری (01/0P≤) وجود دارد. پونة کوهی و رازیانه به ترتیب بهعنوان مؤثرترین و ضعیف‌ترین اسانسها شناخته شدند. تجزیة GC-MS چهار اسانس نام‌برده نیز نشان داد که به ترتیب پیپریتون و سیسپیپریتون اکسید، المنتون، دیمتیل-4 (ای)6-اکتادین-2-ال و ترنسآنتول اجزای اصلی آن‌ها هستند. با توجه به بازدارندگی مناسب اسانسها و قارچهای کنترل زیستی نام‌برده، تحقیقات تکمیلی در زمینة بهکارگیری آن‌ها برای کنترل بیماریهای پس از برداشت انگور توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ انگور؛ بیماریهای پس از برداشت؛ کنترل زیستی؛ Trichoderma spp | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the effects of four medicinal plant essential oils and two Trichoderma species on biocontrol of grape fruit rot fungi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Davari1؛ Robab Ezazi2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Grape, like other horticultural products due to high humidity, low relative pH and wealth of nutrients, is subjected to attack by pathogenic fungi during the harvest and storage stages. In this study, at first, the some post-harvest pathogenic fungi of grape were isolated in Meshgin-shahr and two fungal species including Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides were identified as the domonant species. Aspergillus tubingensis, causal agent of fruit rot and toxigenic species on grape and raisin was selected as well. In order to evaluate their biocontrol possibility, the effects of Trichoderma harzianum T447 and T. hamatum T622 and four medicinal plant essential oils (EOs) including mentha, spearmint, fennel and yarrow were tested in vitro. Results revealed that both of anthagonistic fungi were prospering than pathogenic fungi in nutrient competition and their volatile metabolites showed the highest inhibition to C. cladosporioides. 10% filtrate culture extract of T. harzianum T447 could effectively (≥85%) prevented the fungal mycelial growth. Also, our results showed that fungal species, EO type and its concentration play a critical role (P≤0.01) in fungal mycelia inhibition. Mentha and fennel EOs were known respectively as the most effective and weakest treatments. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that piperitoneoxid and Cis piperitone oxide, L-Menthone, dimethyl-4(E),6-octadien-2-ol and trans-Anethole were the main components of the essential oils of Mentha longifolia, M. spicata, Foeniculum vulgare and Achillea sp., respectively. Due to the significant inhibition of essential oils and biocontrol fungi, additional researches about their use for grape post-harvest diseases control are recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biological control, Essential oil, grape, post-harvest diseases, Trichoderma spp | ||
| مراجع | ||
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