تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,478 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,017 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 122,944,777 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 96,165,495 |
تغییرات کربن آلی و غیرآلی دراجزاء اندازهای ذرات خاکهای تشکیل شده در ردیف اقلیمی خشک تا نیمه مرطوب | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 12، دوره 48، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 125-135 اصل مقاله (609.48 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.61347 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علیرضا راهب1؛ احمد حیدری* 2؛ شهلا محمودی2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری | ||
2دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
تغییرات کربن خاک یکی از مهمترین شاخصهای نشاندهنده تاثیر اقلیم بر تشکیل خاک اسـت. بررسی مقدارکربن خاک اعم از کربن آلی و کربن غیرآلی (کربناتها) و تاثیرگذاری آن بر سایر خصوصیات خاک در اقلیمهای مختلف، لازمه مدیریت مناسب کربن خاک در مقیاس جهانی بوده و تعادل میان بخشهای مختلف منابع کربن از نظرمحیط زیست بسیارحائز اهمیت است. در این تحقیق کربن آلی و غیرآلی کمپلکس شده با ذرات اولیه (در ابعاد شن، سیلت و رس) در 9 خاکرخ یک ردیف اقلیمی متشکل از سه اقلیم خشک (اشتهارد)، نیمهخشک (قزوین) و نیمهمرطوب (رودبار)، به ترتیب با رژیمهای رطوبتی اریدیک تیپیک، زریک خشک و زریک تیپیک و رژیمهای حرارتی ترمیک، ترمیک و مزیک مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. مقایسه آماری کربن آلی در اجزای اندازهای ذرات در سه منطقه مورد مطالعه به ترتیب روند رس (نیمهمرطوب ans36/1، نیمهخشک ans32/1، خشک ans63/0) > سیلت (نیمهمرطوب a*85/0، نیمهخشک ab*79/0، خشک b*4/0) > شن (نیمهمرطوب a*44/0، نیمهخشک b*19/0، خشک b*05/0) را نشان داد. در حالیکه مقایسه آماری کربن غیرآلی موجود در اجزای اندازهای ذرات خاک دارای روند سیلت (نیمهمرطوب ans2/18، نیمهخشک ans03/14، خشک ans11) > شن (نیمهمرطوب a*96/18، نیمهخشک ab*79/11، خشک b*59/5) > رس (نیمهمرطوب a*13، نیمهخشک ab*56/7، خشک b*85/3) بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مقدار کربن آلی در هر سه جزء اندازهای با افزایش عمق کاهش مییابد و اجزای در ابعاد رس در تمامی اعماق نسبت به سایر اجزای اندازهای خاک مقدار درصد کربن آلی بیشتری دارند. برخلاف کربن آلی، مقدار کربن غیرآلی اجزای اندازهای ذرات در هر سه منطقه در افقهای سطحی کمتر از افقهای زیرین بوده و با افزایش عمق افزایش مییابد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که در ردیف اقلیمی خشک تا نیمهمرطوب با افزایش رطوبت، خاکهای با ذرات ریزتر به علت وجود سطح ویژه بالاتر، توانایی بیشتری برای ذخیره کربن خاک دارند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اقلیم؛ کربن آلی؛ کربن غیرآلی؛ تشکیل خاک | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Organic and inorganic carbon changes in size fractions of soils developed in an Arid-Semihumid Climosequence | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Alireza Raheb1؛ Ahmad Heidari2؛ Shahla Mahmoodi2 | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Soil carbon changes is one of the most important indicators impacts of climate change impacts on soil genesis. Study of soil carbon, including organic and inorganic carbon (carbonates) and its impact on other soil characteristics in different climates, is essential for the proper management of soil carbon on a global scale. It is too important the balance between different parts of carbon sources in the environment. In current study, organic and inorganic carbon complex with primary particles were studied in 9 profiles a climosequence including three climates arid, semi-arid and semi-humid with typic aridic, dry xeric and typic xeric moisture regimes and mesic and thermic temperature regimes. Results showed that the amount of organic carbon in all three components decreases with increasing depth and also clay component has more organic carbon content in all depths compared with other components of soil. Contrast to organic carbon, inorganic carbon content is lower in surface horizon compared with the subsurface in all three components of particle size and increases with increasing depth. The avearage of organic carbon components of particle size in three studied regions showed that the following trend clay (1.1%) > silt (0.68%) > sand (0.23%), while inorganic carbon in the soil with trend silt (14.41%) > sand (12.11%) > clay (8.14%). | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Climate, Organic carbon, inorganic carbon, Soil genesis | ||
مراجع | ||
Alvarez, R. and Lavado, R. S. (1998). Climate, organic matter and clay content relationships in the Pampa and Chacosoils, Argentina. Geoderma, 83, 127-141. Aranda, V. and Oyonarte, C. (2005). Effect of vegetation with different evolution degree on soil organic matter in a semi-arid environment. Arid Environments, 62, 631-647. Bagherifam, S., Karimi, A. R., Lakzian, A. and Izanloo, E. (2013). Effects of land use management on soil organic carbon, particle size distribution and aggregate stability along hillslope in semi-arid areas of northern Khorasan. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20(4), 51-73. (In Farsi) Balabane, M. and Plante, A. F. (2004). Aggregation and carbon storage in silty soil using physical fractionation, techniques. European Journal of Soil Science, 55, 415-427. Berner, R. A. and Lasaga, A. C. (1989). Modeling the Geochemical Carbon Cycle. Scientific American, 260(March), 74-81. Birkeland, P. W. (1999) Soils and Geomorphology (3th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Bohn, H. L., McNeal, B. L. and O΄Conner, G. (2001) Soil chemistry (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. Bravo, O., Balanco, M. D. C. and Amiotti, N. (2007). Control factors in the segregation of Mollisols and Aridisols of the semiarid-arid transition of Argentina. Catena, 70, 220-228. Brejda, J. J., Moorman, T. B., Karlen, D. L. and Dao, T. H. (2000). Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators: I. central and southern high plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 2115-2124. Bronick, G. J. and Lal, R. (2005). Manuring and rotation effect on soil organic carbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 81, 239-252. Bui, E. N., Loeppert, R. H. and Wilding, L. P. (1990). Carbonate phases in calcareous soils of the western United States. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54, 39-45. Buol, S. W., Southard, R. J., Graham, R. C. and McDaniel, P. A. (2011) Soil Genesis and Classification (6th ed.). New York: Wiley. Carter, M. R., and Gregorich, E. G. (2008) Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis (2nd ed.). Canadian Society of Soil Science. Christensen, B. T. (2001). Physical fractionation of soil and structural and functional complexity in organic matter turnover. European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 345-353. Crow, S. E., Swantson, C. and Lajtha, K. (2007). Density fraction of forest soils: Methodological question and interpretation of incubation result and turn over time in an ecosystem context. Biogeochemistry, 85, 69-90. Cui, X., Wang, Y., Niu, H., Wu, J., Wang, S., Schnug, E., Rogasik, J., Fleckenstein, J. and Tang, Y. (2005). Effect of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Research, 20, 519-527. Eswaran, H., Reich, P. F., Kimble, J. M., Beinroth, F. H., Padmanabhan, E. and Moncharoen, P. (2000). Global carbon sinks. In R. Lal, J. M. Kimble and B. A. Stewart (Eds.), Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. (pp.15-26). CRC/Lewis Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2004). Carbon sequestration in dryland soils. World soil Resources reports. Franzluebbers, A. J. (2002). Soil organic matter stratification ratio as an indicator of soil quality. Soil and Tillage Research, 66, 95-106. Gee, G. W. and Or, D. (2002). Particle-size analysis. In A. D. Warren (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America Inc., USA. Ghorbani, N., Raiesi, F. and Ghorbani, Sh. (2013). Influence of livestock grazing on the distribution of organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon mineralization within primary particle-size fractions in Shayda rangelands with cropping history, Water and soil science, 23(1), 209-222. (In Farsi) Hirmas, D. R., Amrhein, C. and Graham, R. C. (2010). Spatial and process-based modeling of soil inorganic carbon storage in an arid piedmont. Geoderma, 154, 486-494. Iqbal, J., Ronggui, H., Lijun, D., Lan, L., Shan, L., Tao, C. and Leilei, R. (2008). Differences in soil CO2 flux between different land use types in midsubtropical China. Soil biology and biochemistry, 40(9), 2324–2333. IPCC. (2007). Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Group I, to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Jagadamma, S. and Lal, R. (2010). Distribution of organic carbon in physical fractions of soils as affected by agricultural management. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46, 543-554 Jimenez, J. J., Lal, R., Russo, R. O. and Leblanc, H. A. (2008). The soil organic carbon in particle-size separates under different regrowth forest stands of north eastern Costa Rica. Ecological Engineering, 34, 300-310. Kaiser, K. and Kalbitz, K. (2012). Cycling downwards-dissolved organic matter in soils. Soil biology and biochemistry , 52, 29-32. Kraimer, R. K. and Monger, H. C. (2009). Carbon isotopic subsets of soil carbonate-A particle size comparison of limestone and igneous parent materials. Geoderma, 150, 1-9. Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123, 1-22. Lal, R. (2008). Carbon sequestration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363, 815-830. Liang, A. Z., Zhang, X. P., Fang, H. J., Yang, X. M. and Drury, C. F. (2007). Short-term effects of tillage practices onorganic carbon in clay loam soil of northeast China. Pedosphere, 17, 619-623. Liao, J. D., Boutton, T. W. and Jastrow, J. D. (2006). Organic matter turnover in soil physical fractions following woody plant invasion of grassland: evidence from natural 13C and 15N. Soil biology and biochemistry, 38(11), 3197-3210. Lorenz, K., Lal, R. and Shipitalo, M. J. (2008). Chemical stabilization of organic carbon pools in particlesize fractions in no-till and meadow soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44, 1043-1051. Mavi, M. S., and Marschner, P. (2012). Drying and wetting in saline and saline-sodic soils-effects on microbial activity, biomass and dissolved organic carbon. Plant and soil, 355, 51-62. McDaniel, P. A. and Munn, L. C. (1985). Effect of temperature on organic carbon-texture relationships in Mollisols and Aridisols. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49, 1486-1489. Meng, F., Lal, R., Kuang, X., Ding, G. and Wu, W. (2014). Soil organic carbon dynamics within density and particle-size fractions of aquic cambisols under different land use in northern China. Geoderma Regional, 1, 1–9. Osat, M., Haidari, A. and Sarmadian, F. (2012). An investigation of changes in fractional size and chemistry of Soil organic matter. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 42(2), 191-198. (In Farsi) Rajan, K. (2010). Soil organic carbon-the most reliable indicator for monitoring land degradation by soil erosion. Current Science, 99(6), 823-827. Rameshni, Kh. and Abtahi, A. (1995). Effect of climate and topography on the formation of the soils of Kuhgiluye area. 4th Congress of Soil Science. Isfahan University of Technology. (In Farsi) Rasmussen, C., Southward, R. and Horwath, W. (2006). Mineral control of organic carbon mineralization in a range of temperate conifer forest soils. Global Change Biology, 12, 834-847. Rescoe, R., Buurman, P. and Velthrost, E. J. (2000). Disruption of soil aggregates by varied amounts of ultrasonic energy in fractionation of organic matter of a clay Latosol: carbon, nitrogen and δ13C distribution in particles-size fractions. European Journal of Soil Science, 51, 445-454. Sahandi, M. R. and Soheili, M. (2005) Geological map of Iran: scale 1:1000000. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran. Samavat, S., Pazoki, A. and Ladan Moghadam, A. (2008) Applied basics of organic matter in agriculture. Garmsar: Azad University Press. Shi, Y., Baumann, F., Ma, Y., Song, C., Kuhn, P., Scholten, T. and He, J. S. (2012). Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications. Biogeosciences, 9, 2287-2299. Six, J., Conant, R. T. and Paul, E. A. (2002). Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil, 241, 155-176. Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy (12nd ed.). United States Department of Agriculture. NRCS. Sparks, D. L. (1996) Method of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy. Treadwell-Steitz, C. and McFadden, L. D. (2000). Influence of parent material and grain size on carbonate coatings in gravelly soils, Palo Duro Wash, New Mexico. Geoderma, 94, 1–22. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (1997) World atlas of desertification (2nd ed.). UNEP, London. USDA-NRCS. (2012a) Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils. Version 3.0, National Soil Survey Center. USDA-NRCS. (2012b) jNSM: Java Newhall Simulation Model. Version 1.6.0. User guide-part 1. National Soil Survey Center. Vesterdal, L., Schmidt, I. K., Callesen, I., Nilsson, L. O. and Gundersen, P. (2007). Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 255, 35-48. Wang, D., Shi, X., Wang, H., Weindorf, D. C., Yu, D., Sun, W., Ren, H. and Zhao, Y. (2010). Scale effect of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon in the uplands of Northeast China. Pedosphere, 20, 525-535. Wang, Y., Li, Y. Ye, X. Chu Y. and Wang, X. (2010). Profile storage of organic/inorganic carbon in soil: From forest to desert. Science of the Total Environment, 408, 1925-193. Wang, Z. P., Han, X. G., Chang, S. X., Wang, B., Yu, Q., Hou, L. Y. and Li, L. H. (2013). Soil organic and inorganic carbon contents under various land uses across a transect of continental steppes in Inner Mongolia. Catena, 109, 110-117. Wilding, L. P., Smeck, N. E. and Hall, G. F. (1983) Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy. I. Concepts and Interactions. Elsevier Publishing Company. Wu, H., Guo, Z., Gao, Q. and Peng, C. (2009). Distribution of soil inorganic carbon storage and its changes due to agricultural land use activity in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 129, 413-421.
| ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,506 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 964 |