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کاربرد طرح مرکب مرکزی برای پیشبینی تلفات خاک و سرعت رواناب سطحی در حضور سنگریزهی سطحی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 48، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 165-176 اصل مقاله (720.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2017.61350 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرخ اسدزاده* 1؛ محی الدین فقه حسن آقا2؛ حبیب خداوردیلو3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اثر پوشش سنگریزهی سطحی بر فرآیندهای فرسایش آبی، از موضوعات مهم و مورد توجه در تحقیقات فرسایش خاک در طول دو دههی اخیر محسوب میشود. اثرات گوناگون متغیرهای مربوط به سنگریزهی سطحی نظیر پوشش، اندازه و موقعیت سنگریزه سبب پیچیدگی مدلسازی نقش آن در فرسایش خاک میگردد. هدف از این مطالعه، مدلسازی کمی اثر توأم پوشش سنگریزهی سطحی، اندازهی سنگریزه و دبی جریان بر تلفات خاک و سرعت رواناب سطحی با استفاده از روش پاسخ سطح و بر مبنای طرح مرکب مرکزی بود. برای این منظور آزمایشهای شبیهسازی رواناب و فرسایش با استفاده از فلومی با ابعاد 5/0×6 متر در دو سری طراحی و اجرا شد. دامنهی پوشش سنگریزهی سطحی برابر با 45-0 درصد، قطر متوسط سنگریزهها برابر با 9-3 سانتیمتر و دبی جریان برابر با 5-67/1 سانتیمترمربع بر ثانیه در نظر گرفته شد. آزمایشهای سری دوم برای مدلسازی با استفاده از طرح مرکب مرکزی مورد استفاده واقع شده و آزمایشهای سری اول نیز برای اعتبارسنجی مدل توسعه داده شده از سری دوم به کار برده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مدل طرح مرکب مرکزی توانایی بالایی در پیشبینی سرعت جریان آب (993/0= R2) و تلفات خاک (994/0= R2) دارد. نتایج اعتبار سنجی مدل بیانگر کارآمدی مدل در پیشبینی سرعت جریان رواناب (887/0= R2) و تلفات خاک (851/0= R2) برای آزمایشهای سری دوم بود. پوشش سنگریزه، دبی جریان و قطر سنگریزهها به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را بر سرعت جریان و تلفات خاک داشته و بین پوشش سنگریزه و دبی جریان اثر متقابل وجود داشت. بین سرعت جریان و تلفات خاک یک رابطهی خطی و معنیدار (504/0= R2) مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پوشش سطح خاک؛ شبیهسازی رواناب؛ روش پاسخ سطح؛ فرسایش خاک؛ مدلسازی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Application of the Central Composite Design for Predicting the Effects of Surface Rock Fragments on Soil Loss and Surface Flow Velocity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farrokh Asadzadeh1؛ Mohioddin Feghhe Hasan Agha2؛ Habib Khodaverdiloo3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The effect of surface rock fragments on soil erosion processes has been an important challenge in erosion studies during the last two decades. Rock fragment characteristics including size, position and coverage may affect soil erosion and cause a complication in predicting their effects on soil loss. The aim of this study was to model the effects of rock fragment coverage, size and the flow rate on soil loss and surface flow velocity employing response surface method and central composite design. Two sets of run-on simulation experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume (6×0.5m). The range of the independent variables were 0-45 percent for rock fragment coverage, 3-9cm for rock fragments diameter (size) and 1.67-5 cm3cm-1s-1 for flow rate. The second set of experiments used to develop the predictive model based on the central composite design and the results of the first set of experiments were applied to validate the predictive model. Results indicated that the central composite design models have high performance in predicting flow velocity (R2=0.993) and soil loss (R2=0.994). Models validation with the first data set also indicated a good agreement between the predictive values of flow velocity (R2=0.887) and soil loss (R2=0.851) with the experimental values of these two variables. Rock fragments coverage, flow rate and the size of the rock fragments have the highest influence on soil loss and flow velocity, respectively. There was a significant interaction between the flow rate and rock fragment coverage, which should be considered in modeling of their effects. A linear relationship was also observed between the flow velocity and soil loss. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soil surface cover, Run-on simulation, Response Surface Methodology, Soil Erosion, modeling | ||
| مراجع | ||
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