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بررسی مقاومت ژنوتیپ‌های بومی گندم نان نسبت به بیماری سفیدک پودری | ||
| علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 49، شماره 3، آذر 1397، صفحه 151-165 اصل مقاله (693.05 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.246106.654411 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی زهراوی* 1؛ محمد رضا منصوریان2؛ حسین عظیمی3؛ محمدعلی دهقان4؛ ناصر اللهیاری5؛ رمضانعلی علی تبار6 | ||
| 1عضوهیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح وتهیه نهال وبذرکرج | ||
| 2دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات | ||
| 3مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 5مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 6مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تعداد 17 ژنوتیپ بومی از کلکسیون گندم نان بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران برای مقاومت به بیماری سفید پودری در شرایط مزرعه و گلخانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در سه کانون آلودگی ساری، گرگان و مغان تحت آلودگی طبیعی انجام گرفت و واکنش ژنوتیپ‌ها در مرحله گیاه بالغ ارزیابی شد. به منظور انجام ارزیابی در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای، جدایه‌های عامل بیماری از مناطق آلودگی جمع‌آوری گردیده و با استفاده از ارقام افتراقی، پاتوتیپ آنها تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که متوسط سطح مقاومت ژنوتیپ‌ها نسبت به بیماری در ساری و گرگان، مشابه و پایین‌تر از مغان بود. در مجموع 10 پاتوتیپ متفاوت شناسایی گردید که همگی برای ژن‌های مقاومت Pm3a، Pm3c، Pm3g، Pm4a، Pm5، Pm6، Pm8 و Pm2 دارای فاکتور بیماریزایی بودند. ارقام Shamrock (با ژن مقاومت ناشناخته)، Normandie (Pm1+ Pm2+ Pm9)، Axona (Pm2+Pm3d+Mld)، Maris Dove (Mld+Pm2) و Wembley (Pm12) در برابر همه پاتوتیپ‌ها، واکنش مقاومت نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ‌های 8 و 12 در برابر تمام پاتوتیپ‌ها مقاوم بودند. الگوی واکنش ژنوتیپ 7 مشابه با رقم افتراقی Transfed بود و لذا وجود ژن مقاومت Pm7 در آن احتمال داده شد. ژنوتیپ‌های 4 و 11 در مرحله گیاه بالغ بصورت مقاوم یا نیمه مقاوم ظاهر شدند ولی در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای در برابر تمام پاتوتیپ‌ها حساس بودند و به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های دارای مقاومت گیاه بالغ شناسایی شدند. نتایج این تحقیق منجر به شناسایی انواع مقاومت گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه بالغ با ترکیبات ژنی متفاوت در ژنوتیپ‌ها مورد ارزیابی شد که در برنامه‌های اصلاحی قابل استفاده می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ژرم‌پلاسم؛ بانک ژن؛ تخمین ژنی؛ اجزاء مقاومت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of resistance of Iranian bread wheat landraces to powdery mildew disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Mansourian2؛ Hossein Azimi3؛ Mohammadali Dehghan4؛ Naser Allahyari5؛ Ramezanali Alitabar6؛ | ||
| 2Former Msc student of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch | ||
| 3Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. | ||
| 4Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. | ||
| 5Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardebil, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. | ||
| 6Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A total of 17 wheat landraces were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew in filed and greenhouse environments. The field experiment was performed at three disease hotspots in Sari, Gorgan and Moghan under natural disease incidence and the reaction of the genotypes was evaluated at adult plant stage. In order to evaluate the resistance of the genotypes at seedling stage, the isolates of the disease were collected from different regions and the pathotypes were identified by inoculation on the differential varieties. The results of field evaluation indicated that average reaction level of genotypes to the disease in Sari and Gorgan was similar and both lower than that of Moghan. A total of ten pathotypes were distinguished, all of which had virulence factors for Pm3a, Pm3c, Pm3g, Pm4a, Pm5, Pm6, Pm8 and Pm2. The varieties Shamrock (with unknown R gene), Normandie (Pm1+ Pm2+ Pm9), Axona (Pm2+Pm3d+Mld), Maris Dove (Mld+Pm2) and Wembley (Pm12) were resistant to all the pathotypes. The presence of Pm7 was postulated in genotype 7 as the resistance spectrum of this genotype was similar to that of Transfed. Genotypes 4 and 11 appeared resistant and moderately resistant at adult plant stage while they were susceptible to all pathotypes at seedling stage and therefore they were identified as genotypes with adult plant resistance. The total results of this research led to identification of seedling and adult plant resistance sources with different resistance gene combinations which could be exploited in breeding programs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| germplasm, genebank, gene postulation, resistance components | ||
| مراجع | ||
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