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اثر دور آبیاری برعملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام جدید ذرت دانه‌ای | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 50، شماره 1، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398، صفحه 189-199 اصل مقاله (712.09 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.255156.667880 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نادر سلامتی* 1؛ امیرخسرو دانایی2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2امیرخسرو دانایی ، مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی تأثیر دور آبیاری بر کارایی مصرف آب، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و نیز تعیین مناسبترین رقم ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای یک‌بار خردشده در قالب طرح آماری بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار برای دو سال زراعی (1395-1393) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی تنش خشکی شامل آبیاری بعد از 100 و 200 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A و فاکتور فرعی، رقم در چهار سطح شامل Karoon 701، S.C Mobin، S.C 704 و PH1 بودند. بعد از سبز شدن کامل مزرعه در روزهایی که مجموع تبخیر از تشت کلاس A به 100 و 200 میلیمتر میرسید، با نمونه‌برداری از خاک و تعیین رطوبت موجود جهت رساندن رطوبت خاک به ظرفیت مزرعه با توجه به مساحت هر کرت فرعی حجم آب آبیاری محاسبه و به وسیله کنتور به هر کرت فرعی داده شد. مقایسه میانگین تیمارهای دور آبیاری نشان داد که تیمار 100 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A در تمام صفات برتری معنی‌داری نسبت به تیمار 200 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A داشت. عملکرد ذرت در تیمار تنش (200 میلیمتر) نسبت به تیمار فاقد تنش (100 میلیمتر) کاهشی معادل 7/16 درصد را نشان داد. به ازای هر 1 سانتیمتر کاهش مصرف آب در هکتار، عملکرد ذرت 164 کیلوگرم در هکتار کاهش یافت. ظهور زودتر بلال در رقم PH1 موجب زودرس شدن رقم و کاهش طول دوره رشد آن شده است که منجر به کاهش مصرف آب و فرصت بیشتر برای تهیه زمین جهت کشت بعدی میشود. مقایسه میانگین صفات در اثرات متقابل آبیاری و رقم نشان داد که تیمار 100 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A و رقم PH1 به ترتیب با عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف آبی معادل 5/7143 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 353/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب تیمار برتر باشد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد هرچه اجزای عملکرد افزایش یابند، عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف آب نیز بیشتر میشوند و برعکس. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| وزن هزار دانه؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ تبخیر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of irrigation interval on yield and yield components of New Corn Cultivars | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nader Salamati1؛ Amirkhosro Danaie2 | ||
| 1Scientific Broad Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 2Member of Scientific Board, Seed and Plant lmprovement Department, Khuzestan. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of irrigation interval on water use efficiency, yield, yield components and also determining the most suitable maize cultivar, a split plot experiment in a randomized completely block design was implemented with four replicates for two years (2014-2016) in Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The main factor of drought stress was irrigation after 100 and 200 mm evaporation from class A pan and the sub factor was cultivars in four levels including Karoon 701, S.C. Mobin, S.C 704 and PH1. After the complete emergence of the field when the total evaporation from the class A reaches to 100 and 200 millimeters, the amount of irrigation water is calculated based on the deficit moisture content to field capacity and is applied to each sub-plot by a flowmeter. The comparison of mean irrigation treatments showed 100 mm evaporation from class A pan had a significant superiority in all properties than 200 mm evaporation from class A pan. The yield of corn in stress treatment (200 mm) showed a decrease of 16.7% as compared to the non-stress (100 mm) treatment. For each cm reduction in water consumption per hectare, the yield of corn decreased 164 kg per hectare. The earlier appearance of corn in PH1 variety of maize caused a premature cultivar and a reduction in the growth period which cause a less water consumption and a more opportunity for land preparation for the next cultivation. The comparison of traits mean in irrigation and cultivar interaction showed that the PH1 cultivar with 100 mm evaporation from class A pan was superior in terms of grain yield and water use efficiency which were equal to 7143.5 kg/ha and 1.353 kg/m3, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed by increasing the yield components of corn, the grain yield and water use efficiency increases and vice versa. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| 1000-grain weight, Water use efficiency, Evaporation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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