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تحلیل روند تقاضای اجتماعی برای تحصیل در رشتة دانشگاهی «آموزش عالی» | ||
| مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 2، تیر 1399، صفحه 343-371 اصل مقاله (991.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jisr.2020.300942.1054 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اصغر زمانی* ؛ مهتاب پورآتشی | ||
| عضو هیئت‌علمی مؤسسة پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تقاضای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده در رشتة آموزش عالی در مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی در تأمین نیروی انسانی متخصص از حیث تولید و گسترش علم، حل مسائل و مشکلات نظام آموزش عالی کشور بسیار مهم است؛ از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل روند تقاضای اجتماعی برای تحصیل در رشتة دانشگاهی «آموزش عالی» انجام شده است. بر همین اساس، آمار همة تقاضاهای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده برای تحصیل در رشتة آموزش عالی در مقاطع و گرایش‌های مختلف (جامعة مدنظر) از زمان تأسیس رشته (سال تحصیلی 1381-1382)، بررسی و تحلیل شده است. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به‌صورت بررسی اسنادی و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و آماری و روش تحلیل اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده تحلیل محتوایی است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از سال تحصیلی 1392-1393 به بعد (تا سال 1397-1398) همواره تعداد دانشجویان مقطع دکتری بسیار بیشتر از دانشجویان مقاطع دیگر بوده و در همة سال‌های پذیرش نیز تعداد مردان بیشتر از تعداد زنان بوده است؛ درحالی‌که در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد در این رشته در بسیاری از سال‌ها از جمله از سال ۱۳۹۰ تاکنون همواره بیشترین تقاضای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده مربوط به زنان بوده است که انتظار می‌رفت تا در دورة دکتری نیز تقاضای اجتماعی پاسخ‌داده‌شده به زنان، بیش از مردان باشد، اما عملاً این‌گونه نشده است. یکی از پیامدهای کاهش تقاضای اجتماعی این رشته در دورة دکتری از سوی زنان، ترکیب جنسیتی اعضای هیئت‌علمی این رشته به نفع مردان و پایداری این ترکیب در سمت‌های مدیریتی آموزش عالی کشور در درازمدت خواهد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ترکیب جنسیتی؛ تقاضای اجتماعی؛ رشتة تحصیلی آموزش عالی؛ دانشگاه؛ فایدة اجتماعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Analysis on the Trend of Social Demand for Studying in “Higher Education” Academic Major | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Asghar Zamani؛ Mahtab Pouratashi | ||
| Faculty Member of the Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, and Project executor from the collection of "ETELA" project, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction:The accepted social demand in higher education academic major plays an important role in providing the specialized human resources of the society in different educational levels and especially, in master and PhD level, in terms of produce and disseminate science, solving the problems of the higher education system and the country. Therefore, with an analysis of the process of accepting social demand in this field, it will be possible to respond appropriately to these demands. Also, it will be useful for policy making and planning regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of higher education and measuring and accepting students based on Ministry of Science, Research and Technology needs. Method:This study is an applied research. The aim was to analyze the trend of social demand for studying in higher education academic major. The statistics of all accepted social demands in the field of higher education in all educational levels including PhD, master, bachelor and associate degrees with different orientations, from the establishment of this academic major (academic year 2012-2013) was studied. Data collection was used documentary and library studies, and the statistics used were obtained from the Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. The method of analysis was the analysis of the content of the documents (secondary analysis). Findings:The findings indicated that the highest number of accepted demand in the associate degree and bachelor degree were in 2008-2009. Also, the highest number of accepted demand in the master degree was in 2011-2012 and the highest number of accepted demand in was 2017-2018. From the academic year of 2013-2014 (until 2018-2019), the number of PhD students has always been significantly higher than the other academic levels. In all years of admission, the number of males was more than females. According to the statistics of the trend of accepting social demands and also, the statistics of graduates of this academic major in master and PhD degrees, it is estimated that there will be 154 master graduates and 118 PhD graduates. In other words, there will 154 theses and 118 dissertations in this field, each of those has been written on various practical topics. Discussion: What can be assessed from the study of the accepted social demand trend in associate degree is the isolation of higher education institutions. Therefore, due to the relatively long interval between two periods of student admission at this academic level, the role of superior institutes is highlighted. Because course titles and their acceptance capacity is determined by policy makers in this field, such as Student Assessment and Admission Council and so on. Therefore, it can be said that in our country, the accepted demand in this major and at this level has been based more on the decisions of policymakers than the real social demand of individuals to choose this academic major. Also, the trend of admission for bachelor degree indicates that the social demand is not taken into account in accepting students of this major; rather, other criteria and indicators for attracting and accepting students have been considered. It is necessary to pay attention to the role of higher education institutions in creating, constructing and guiding the social demand of individuals to continue their education. According to ascending trend of accepting PhD student, it will be expected that a large number of specialized human resource with higher and postgraduate education enter to the country educational system and to produce and disseminate specialized science and knowledge in this field. Since in the master degree in this major, in most years, especially since 2011, the most accepted social demand has always been related to females; it was expected that in PhD level, the accepted social demand for females be higher than for males. But in real this has not been occurred. This issue can be based on various factors, and this would be due to personal, cultural, family and social issues related to females' tendency to pursue their study in this academic major. One of the consequences of the decrease in females demand for studying PhD degree in this major will be seen on recruiting faculty members, maintaining the gender composition of professors in this field, and managerial positions in higher education. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social Demand, Gender composition, Social benefits Higher Education Academic Major, University, Thesis and dissertation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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