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تحلیل جامعهشناختی آگاهی دانشجویان دختر دربارۀ اشتغال زنان در جامعۀ اسلامی (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه تهران) | ||
| مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران | ||
| دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 38، تیر 1400، صفحه 561-586 اصل مقاله (728.62 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jisr.2020.305189.1081 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهتاب پورآتشی* ؛ اصغر زمانی | ||
| استادیار، مؤسسۀ پژوهش و برنامهریزی آموزش عالی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اشتغال زنان از جمله موضوعات مطرح در جوامع مختلف است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی آگاهی دانشجویان دختر دربارۀ اشتغال زنان در جامعۀ اسلامی صورت گرفت. پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است و با دیدمان آمیخته (کمی و کیفی) انجام شد. گردآوری دادههای بخش اول (کیفی) با روش مصاحبه صورت گرفت و مشارکتکنندگان 11 تن از دانشجویان دختر رشتۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه تهران بودند. گردآوری دادههای بخش دوم (کمی) به روش پیمایش صورت گرفت و 132 دانشجوی دختر رشتههای علوم انسانی شاغل به تحصیل در مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه تهران به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی برای جمعآوری اطلاعات این بخش، پرسشنامۀ محققساخته بوده است. یافتههای بخش کیفی بیانگر آن است که آثار مثبت اشتغال زنان در چهار مقولۀ فردی و روانشناختی، اقتصادی، دانش و بینش، و فرهنگی و اجتماعی، و آثار منفی در سه مقولۀ فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی قابلدستهبندی است. یافتههای بخش کمی بیانگر آن است که میزان آگاهی دانشجویان دختر دربارۀ اشتغال زنان در جامعۀ اسلامی در حد متوسط است. بین آگاهی دانشجویان دربارۀ اشتغال زنان براساس متغیرهای عضویت در کانالها و گروههای مذهبی شبکههای مجازی، عضویت در تشکلهای اسلامی دانشجویی و استفاده از برنامههای مذهبی و دینی صداوسیما تفاوتهای معناداری مشاهده شد. براساس یافتههای مطالعه، دانش و باورهای مذهبی اعضای خانواده و آموزش عالی از مهمترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آگاهی دانشجویان دربارۀ اشتغال زنان در جامعۀ اسلامی هستند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آیات و روایات؛ اسلام؛ اشتغال زنان؛ جامعۀ اسلامی؛ دانشجو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Sociological Analysis of Female Students’ Awareness about Women’s Employment in Islamic Society (Case Study: Female Students at Tehran University) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahtab Pouratashi؛ Asghar Zamani | ||
| Assistant Professor, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The issue of work and employment has been considered since the beginning of human life. Women's employment is one of the significant issues in different societies. There are pros and cons on women's employment. Hypotheses such as role multiplicity, role conflict, and role pressure suggest that employed women are more likely to be less healthy because of reasons such as greater responsibilities and workload, and the stress of multiple roles. In contrast, hypotheses such as role expansion and role aggregation suggest that employment, which has been added to traditional women's roles is positive and useful, because of increased self-esteem, higher income, and wider social support. Since women in today's society have a very positive effect on the advancement of society and a considerable population of students are now women, this study examines the awareness of female students about women's employment in the Islamic society. Method: The research is applied and was conducted with a mixed view (quantitative and qualitative). The data for the first phase (qualitative) were collected by interview and the participants were 11 female students of Humanities at the University of Tehran. Based on the findings of this phase and with using the research literature, a questionnaire was developed and as a result, the data of the second (quantitative) phase was collected by survey method. The sample consisted of 132 undergraduate female students studied Humanities at the University of Tehran, using random sampling. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Finding: The findings of the qualitative section indicate that the positive effects of women's employment can be categorized in four groups: individual and psychological, economic, knowledge and insight, and cultural and social. Also, negative effects can be classified into three groups: individual, family, and social. According to the findings, the reasons for women's employment can be grouped into three categories: knowledge and psychological, economic, and social. The findings of the quantitative part indicate that the level of awareness of female students about women's employment in the Islamic society is moderate. Significant differences were found between students' awareness of women's employment based on the variables: membership in Islamic student organizations, and use of religious programs of Radio and TV. According to the findings, higher education and religious knowledge and beliefs of family members are the most important factors affecting students' awareness about women's employment in Islamic society. In addition, from the respondents' point of view, the most important positive effects of women's employment is the increase of self-esteem and the most important negative effect is physical and mental fatigue. Conclusion: This study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge of female students about women's employment in the Islamic society. In addition, according to the findings, women's employment involves a combination of both positive and negative effects. Therefore, in order to benefit more from the positive effects and reduce the maximum negative effects of women's employment, it is necessary to identify and consider the effective factors. Considering issues such as the nature of the job and the volume and hours of employment of women is important factors that should not be overlooked. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| women's employment, students, Islam, Islamic society, Verses and Hadiths | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 563 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 315 |
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