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تعیین‌کننده‌های اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی قصد و رفتار فرزندآوری در مردان شهر تهران | ||
| مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 40، دی 1400، صفحه 1123-1147 اصل مقاله (458.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jisr.2021.323694.1209 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه مدیری* 1؛ فاطمه تنها2؛ نرجس گیلانی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار جامعه شناسی، گروه مطالعات خانواده، موسسه ملی تحقیقات جمعیت کشور | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری جمعیت شناسی، گروه جمعیت شناسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری آمار ریاضی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرزندآوری فرایندی زوجی است، اما به نقش مردان در ادبیات و تحقیقات باروری به‌ندرت توجه شده است. هدف این مقاله بررسی تعداد فرزندان قصدشده و زنده‌به‌دنیاآمده و شناسایی تعیین‌کننده‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی آن‌ها در مردان متأهل شهر تهران بوده است. داده‌ها برگرفته از پیمایش سبک زندگی متأهلان و ۶۱۹ مرد متأهل که زنان ایشان در سنین باروری بوده، تجزیه و تحلیل شده‌اند. براساس نتایج میانگین تعداد فرزندان قصدشده ۸۹/۱ و میانگین تعداد فرزندان زنده‌به‌دنیاآمده ۳۷/۱ بوده است. ۱/۲۵ درصد فرزندی ندارند و ۳/۴۷ درصد دو فرزند زنده به‌دنیاآمده و بیشتر دارند؛ درحالی‌که فقط ۸/۳ درصد قصد دارند بدون فرزند باشند و ۶/۷۰ درصد قصد دارند، دو فرزند و بیشتر داشته باشند. ویژگی‌های اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی مردان با قصد و رفتار باروری رابطۀ منفی دارد و این یافته منطبق با الگوی باروری مردان در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه بوده است. با توجه به رابطۀ مثبت میان پایگاه اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی مردان با تعداد فرزندان قصدشده و زنده‌به‌دنیاآمده در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و رابطۀ منفی در مطالعۀ حاضر، اجرای بسته‌های سیاستی با ابعاد مختلف فرهنگی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی که در آن اقشار مختلف با دیدگاه‌ها و پایگاه اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی متفاوت و متنوع لحاظ شده باشند، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد و در راستای افزایش فرزندآوری کارآمد خواهد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فرزندان قصد شده؛ فرزندان زنده به دنیا آمده؛ باروری؛ تعیین کننده‌های اقتصادی اجتماعی؛ توزیع گود | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Socio-economic determinants of childbearing intention and behavior among men in Tehran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fateme Modiri1؛ Fateme Tanha2؛ Narjes Gilani3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Family Studies, National Institute for Population Research | ||
| 2PhD students in Demography, Department of Demography, University of Tehran | ||
| 3PhD students in Mathematical Statistics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Fertility decline has become global in recent decades, and researchers are seeking to discover various factors associated with fertility changes in different societies. Accordingly, fertility theories have been proposed to explain fertility patterns, but these studies have focused almost exclusively on the role of women and their fertility patterns, and the role and participation of men in the process of fertility decline has rarely been considered. In Iran, men are often overlooked in fertility studies. Given the lack of a study on men's socio-economic determinants affecting fertilty patterns, the fundamental question is ‘what is the impact of men's socio-economic characteristics on fertility intension and behavior in Tehran? There are two theoretical approaches to the effect of men's socioeconomic characteristics on fertility. One approach states that increasing men's socioeconomic status increases fertility. In this approach, it is assumed that men with a higher level of education due to the accumulated human capital, higher level of income and better job prospects have a better chance of providing for the family expenses with more children. Another theoretical approach argues that increasing men's socioeconomic status reduces fertility. Increasing men's human capital may reduce the demand for childbearing or change childbearing preferences and replace quality with quantity. Method: Data was extracted from a survey of married lifestyle and its determinants. The statistical population of this survey was married people in Tehran. The population of Tehran in 2011 according to the data of the Statistics Center of Iran was 8153974 people who lived in 4336 district and 4262047 of them were married (results of the 2011 census). The sample size is based on sampling error at 95% confidence level and with sampling error of 0.05 based on Cochran's formula is 384 people and considering that Cochran's formula is a simple random sampling formula, taking into account the design effect of 2 and coefficient The unresponsiveness adjustment is considered to be 0.25 of the sample size of 1728 and has been increased to 2000, taking into account the possible decline of the sample households (approximately equal to 0.15, proportional to this rate in the family census of the Statistics Center of Iran). The sampling method is multi-stage clusters and the samples were selected from 50 district of Tehran. The questionnaires were reviewed by the project manager, unreliable questionnaires were discarded and finally 1736 questionnaires were selected. 844 samples of this survey, were men, and 619 married men that their wives were in fertility age, have been analyzed. Finding: The results showed that the average number of intended children was 1.89 and the average number of children ever born was 1.37. 25.1% have no children and 47.3% have 2 and more children ever born. While only 3.8% intend to have no children and 70.6% intend to have 2 or more children. Bivariate and multivariate tests have shown that men with higher education, higher income, higher parental socioeconomic status, and higher occupational status have fewer intended children and children ever born. The socioeconomic characteristics of men have a negative relationship with fertility intention and behavior and this finding is consistent with the pattern of male fertility in developing countries. Results and conclusion: In general, it can be said that there is a negative relationship between men's socio-economic status and fertility intention and behavior, and this finding is consistent with the pattern of male fertility in developing countries. Considering the positive relationship between men's socio-economic status and fertility in developed countries and the negative relationship in the present study, the implementation of policy packages with different cultural, economic and social dimensions in different groups with different views and socio-economic is necessary and will be effective in increasing childbearing. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Intended children, Children Ever Born, Fertility, Socioeconomic Determinants, Good distribution | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 752 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 402 |
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