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بررسی میزان فلزات سنگین در نمونههای خاک قبل از کشت و بعد از برداشت برنج در استان مازندران؛ مطالعة شاخصهای پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیک و آلودگی یکپارچه | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
دوره 75، شماره 4، آبان 1401، صفحه 702-715 اصل مقاله (654.05 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2022.340866.2415 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محبوبه نوذری1؛ عباس اسماعیلی ساری* 2؛ علی ماشینچیان مرادی3؛ نادر بهرامی فر2؛ لعبت تقوی4 | ||
1گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
2گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
3گروه علوم دریایی و شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
4گروه محیط زیست و جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین، موضوعی جدی در سراسر جهان است. این فلزات سنگین هم از منابع طبیعی و هم از منابع انسانی بهخصوص فعالیت های کشاورزی در محیط منتشر می شود. از این رو، در این مطالعه به بررسی میزان فلزات سنگین و شاخص های پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیک و آلودگی یکپارچه در نمونههای خاک مراحل نمونه برداری قبل از کشت و بعد از برداشت برنج در استان مازندران پرداخته شده است. جهت هضم شیمیایی نمونه های خاک از مخلوط اسید نیتریک، اسید هیدروفلوئوریک و اسید پرکلریک استفاده گردید و بهمنظور سنجش میزان فلزات سنگین در نمونه های خاک از دستگاه ICP-MS استفاده شد. نتایج مقایسة میزان کروم، روی، نیکل و سرب در خاک قبل از کشت و بعد از برداشت برنج با استانداردهای ملی و بین المللی نشان میدهد که میزان این فلزات در بیشتر ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه بالاتر از حد استاندارد داخلی و بیناللملی است. نتایج میزان شاخص پتانسیل ریسک اکولوژیک در نمونههای خاک نشان داد که میزان این شاخص در تمام ایستگاهها و مراحل نمونه برداری در محدودة ریسک اکولوژیک پایین (زیر 150) است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میزان شاخص PI برای عناصر آرسنیک، کروم، کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و جیوه در تمام ایستگاه ها در نمونه های خاک قبل از کشت و بعد از برداشت برنج در محدودة میزان آلودگی پایین قرار دارد، اما میزان این شاخص برای عنصر سرب در تمام ایستگاهها و مراحل نمونه برداری در محدودة میزان آلودگی متوسط بهدست آمد. همچنین نتایج میزان شاخص آلودگی تجمعی (IPI) برای تمام ایستگاه ها و مراحل نمونه برداری در محدودة میزان آلودگی پایین به دست آمد. بهطور کلی حضور فلزات سنگین در محیط خاکی و در پی آن تجمع فلزات سنگین در مواد غذایی، اثرات مضر و جبرانناپذیری بر جوامع بشری و امنیت غذایی دارد، بنابراین اقدامات احتیاطی بیشتری برای کاهش چنین اثراتی مورد نیاز است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فلزات سنگین؛ ریسک اکولوژیک؛ آلودگی خاک؛ آلودگی تجمعی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigation of heavy metals in soil samples before rice planting and after rice harvesting in Mazandaran province; Study of ecological risk potential and integrated pollution indexes | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mahboubeh Nozari1؛ Abbas Esmaili Sari2؛ Ali Mashinchian Moradi3؛ Nader Bahramifar2؛ Lobat Taghavi4 | ||
1Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
4Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a serious issue in all the world, and these heavy metals are released from both natural and human resources, especially agricultural activities in the environment. Therefore, in this study, the amount of heavy metals and the indicators of ecological risk potential and integrated pollution in soil samples before rice planting and after rice harvesting in Mazandaran province have been investigated. A mixture of nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid was used for chemical digestion of soil samples and ICP-MS was used to measure the amount of heavy metals in soil samples. The results of comparing the levels of chromium, zinc, nickel and lead in the soil before rice planting and after rice harvesting with the national and international soil standard show that the levels of these metals in most stations are higher than Domestic and international standard limits were measured. Based on the results, the amount of ecological risk potential index in soil samples showed that in all studied stations ana sampling stages, the amount of this index was calculated in the range of low ecological risk (below 150). Also, the results of PI pollution index and integrated pollution index (IPI) for each studied station in soil samples before rice planting and after rice harvesting show the PI index for arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and mercury. In all stations in soil samples before rice planting and after rice harvesting in the range of low contamination was calculated, only the amount of this index for lead in all stations and sampling stages, in the range of moderate contamination was obtained. Also, the results of IPI for all studied stations in all stations and sampling stages, show that the level of this index was determined in the low pollution range. In general, the presence of heavy metals in the soil environment, followed by the accumulation of heavy metals in food, has detrimental and irreversible effects on human societies and food security, so more precautions are needed to reduce such effects. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Heavy Metals, Ecological risk, Soil pollution, Integrated pollution | ||
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