پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,764 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,193,463 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,941,579 |
Mediating Effect of CSR on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry | ||
| Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies (Formerly known as Iranian Journal of Management Studies) | ||
| دوره 17، شماره 1، فروردین 2024، صفحه 95-110 اصل مقاله (553.93 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijms.2023.343720.675133 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ashish Thapa* 1؛ Daleep Parimoo2؛ Raj Kovid3؛ Gunjan Sharma4 | ||
| 1School of Business, Pokhara University, Leknath, Pokhara, Nepal | ||
| 2School of Management and commerce, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad, India | ||
| 3School of Business Studies, Sharda University. Greater Noida, India | ||
| 4Jindal Global Business School, OP Jindal Global University, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The relationship between Transformational Leadership (TL) and organizational performance (OP) has been studied in various contexts. Leaders' involvement in Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) activities is more likely to influence organizational performance. However, how CSR affects the relationship between TL and OP remains under-researched, especially in emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between TL and OP in the context of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Further, it investigates how the CSR activities mediate the relationship between TL and OP A structured questionnaire was administered online to collect the responses from 300 managers. The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results identified the positive impact of TL on CSR and CSR on OP This Study unveiled the mediation of CSR between TL and OP relationship. These findings highlight TL, OP, and CSR as essential parts of an organization. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Transformational Leadership؛ Corporate Social responsibility؛ Organizational performance؛ pharmaceutical companies | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abujard, I., Yusof, N., & NIbkin, D. (2010). A review paper on organizational culture and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(1), 26-46.
Ainin, S., Naqshbandi, M., & Dezdar, S. (2016). Impact of adoption of Green IT practices on organizational performance . Quality and Quantity, 50(5), 1929-1948.
Ali, M., Musawir, A., & Ali, M. (2018). Impact of knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity on project performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(2), 453-477.
Ali, Z., Sun, H., & Ali, M. (2017). The impact of Managerial and Adaptive Capabilities to stimulate organizational innovation in SMEs. Sustainability, 9(12), 21-57.
Alrowwad, A., Obeidat, B., Tarhini, A., & Aqqad, N. (2017). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance via the Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International Business Research , 10(1), 1-10.
Anthony, A., John, W., & Robert, W. (1997). A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Performancce Measurement. Sloan Management Review, 38(3), 25-40.
Arbuckle, J. (2009). AMOS 18's user Guide. UK, London: SPSS Incorporated.
Avolio, B., & Bass, B. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership . New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
Bacha, E. (2014). The relationship between transformational leadership, task performance and job characteristics. Journal of Management Development, 33(4), 410-420.
Bagh, T. (2017). The corporate social responsibility and firms’ financial performance: evidence from financial sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Economic Finance, 301-308.
Baron, D., Harjoto, M., & Jo, H. (2011). The Economics and Politics of Corporate Social Performance. Business and Politics, 16(1), 10-48.
Bass, B. (1995). Theory of transformational leadership redux. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(4), 463-478.
Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the Transactional-Transformational Paradigm transcend Organizational and National Boundaries? American Psychologist , 2(1), 130-139.
Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (1995). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. (1 ed.). California : Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication .
Bass, B., & Riggo, R. (2006). Transformational Leadership. New York: Psychology Press.
Becerra-Fernandez, I., & Sabherwal, R. (2001). Organizational knowledge management: A perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 23-55.
Beecchetti , L., Cicirettiand, R., & Hassan , I. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder’s value: an event study analysis. Working paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
Bhattacharya, C., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder—Company relationships through mutuallt benefical CSR initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 257-272.
Bisharat, H., Obeidat, B., Tarhini, A., & Mukattash, I. (2017). The effect of human resource management practices on organizational commitment in chain pharmacies in Jordan. International Journal of Business Management , 12(1), 50-67.
Brammer , S., & Millington , A. (2004). Stakeholder Pressure, Organizational Size, and the Allocation of Departmental Responsibility for the Management of Corporate Charitable Giving. Business and Society, 43(3), 268-295.
Buciuniene, L., & Kazlauskaite, R. (2012). The linkage between HRM, CSR and performance outcomes. Baltic Journal of Management, 7(1), 5-24.
Burns , J. (1978). Leadership (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
Bushra, F., Ahmad, U., & Naveed, A. (2011). Effect of transformational leadership on employees job satisfaction and organizational commitment. International Journal of Business Social Science, 261-267.
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming . New York: Routledge.
Campbell, J. (1977). New Prespective on Organizational Effectiveness. San Fransciso: Goodman Publications.
Carpenter, M., Geletkanycz, M., & Sanders, W. (2004). Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and cosequences of top management team compositions. Journal of Management, 749-778.
Carroll, A. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505.
Carton, R. (2004). Measuring Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Athens: University of Georgia.
Chang , C., Hsu, M., & Yen, C. (2012). Factors affecting knowledge management success: The fit prespective . Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(6), 847-861.
Chawla, V., Kakkd, R., Patil, N., & Bapna, S. (2022). Impact of Pharma Industry on the Indian economy in the post-COVID era. Delhi: KPMG and FICCI.
Chih, H., Miao, W., & Chuang , Y. (2014). Is corporate social responsibility a double-edged sword? Evidence from fortune global 500 companies". Journal of Management, 1-19.
Chiu , C., Hsu, M., & Wang , T. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities; An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Retrieved 04 01, 2006
Choudhary, I. A., Akhtar, A. S., & Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of Transformational and Servant Leadership on Organizational Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 433-440.
Crisistomo, V. L., Friere, F., & Vasconcellous, F. (2011). Corporate social responsibility, firm value and financial performance in brazil. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(2), 295-309.
Crowther, D., & Jatana, R. (2005). International Dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility. Hyderabad : ICFAI University Press.
Dai, Y., Samad, Z., Chpradit, S., & Nassani, A. (2021). Influence of CSR and leadership style on sustainable performance: moderating impact of sustainable entrepreneurship and mediating role of organizational commitment. Economic Research , 1-20.
Daza, J. (2009). A valuation model for corporate social responsibility. Social Responsibility Journal, 284-299.
Despande, S. (1996). “The impact of ethical climate types on facets of job satisfaction: an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(6), 655-660.
Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., & Sen, S. (2013). The Roles of Leadership Styles in CSR. Journal of Business ethics, 114(1), 155-169.
Effiyanti, E., Lubis, A., & Sofyan, S. (2021). The influene of Transformational Leadership on Organiztional Performance; A Case Study in Indonesia . Journal of Asia, Finance and Economics, 583-594.
Ekaningsih, A. (2014). The Effect Transformational Leadership on The Employees Performance through Intervening Variables of Empowerement, Trust and Satisfaction. European Journal of Business Management , 111-117.
Elenkov, D. (2002). Effects of leadership on organizational performance in Russian Companies. Journal of Business, 467-480.
Erhemanjamatas, O., Li, Q., & Ventakesawaran, A. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact on Firm‟s Investment Policy, Organizational Structure, and Performance. . Journal of Business Ethics, 395-412.
Fenwick, F. J., & Gayle, C. A. (2005). Missing links in understanding the relationship between leadership and organizational performance. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 7(5), 67-78.
Festa, G., Kolte, A., & Carli, M. (2020). Envisioning the challenges of the pharmaceutical sector in the Indian health industry. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 1(1), 1-13.
Fitzergerald, S., & Schutte, N. (2010). Increasing transformational leadership through enhancing self‐efficacy. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 495-505.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fraj Andreas, E., Martinez, S., & Matute, V. (2009). A multidimensional approach to the influence of environmental marketing and orientation on the firm’s organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1), 263-286.
Frederick, W. (2006). Corporation, be good! The story of corporate social responsibility. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing .
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Appraoch. Boston: Pitman.
Freeman, R., Wicks, A., & Parmar , B. (2004). Stakeholder Theory and “The Corporate Objective Revisited”. Organization Science , 15(3), 364-369.
Friedman, M. (1970). The Social Responsibility Is to Increase Its Profit. New York: The New York, NY Times Magazine.
Gamage, T. C., & Tajeddini, K. (2022). A multi-layer organizational culture framework for enhancing the financial performance in tourism and hospitality family firms. Tourism Management, 1-15.
Gardner , W., Avolio , B., Luthans , F., & Walumbwa, F. (2005). “Can you see the real me?” A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development. . Leadership Quaterly .
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows; A Simple Guide and Reference (4th Edition ed., Vol. 11.0). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
GOI. (2020). Annual Report . Department of Pharmaceuticals.
Gond, J., Akremi, A., Igalens, J., & Swaen, V. (2012). A corporate social responsibility–corporate financial performance behavioural model for employees. Cambridge University Press, 1(1), 13-48.
Gonzalez, B. (2005). Environmental proactivity and business performance: An empirical analysis. Omega, 33(1), 1-15.
Goyal , V. (2007). Financial Accounting (2nd ed.). New Delhi : Excel Books.
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational Leadership, Creativity, and Organizational Innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 461-473.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham , R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (1 ed.). NJ, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Hayes, A., & Preacher, K. (2013). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent varibale. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology,, 67(3), 451-470.
Huang, C., Wu , K., & Tsai , J. (2012). The relationship among moral consciousness,corporation's environmental strategy, and economic performance. Review of Accounting and Auditing Studies, 115-147.
Ibrahim, A., & Daniel, C. (2019). Impact of leadership on organisational performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 6(2), 367-374.
Iqbal, S., Farid, T., Jianhong, M., Khattak, A., & Nurunabbi, M. (2018). The Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and the mediating role of CSR. Sustainability, 10(2170), 1-11.
Jananeshwar, K., & Gayathri , R. (2020). Effect of transformational leadership on job performance:testing the mediating role of CSR. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(5), 605-625.
Jnaneswar , K., & Gayathri, R. (2020). Effect of transformational leadershp on job performance the mediating role of CSR. Journal of Advances in Management research , 17(5), 605-625.
Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 75-87.
Karamat, A. (2013). Impact of Leadership on Organizational Performance . Germany: University of Applied Sciences.
Khajeh, E. H. (2018). Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 1(1), 1-10.
Khaled, A., & Chung , J. F. (2020). The Impact of Leadeship Styles on Orgaizational Performance. Journal of Services & Management, 13(1), 55-62.
Khalili, A. (2017). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of Emotional Intelligence . Leadership Organizational Development Journal , 38(1), 1004-1015.
Khan , H., Rehmat, M., Butt, T., Farooqi, S., & Asim, J. (2020). Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing. Future Business Journal, 1-14.
Khan, H. R., Ali, M., Olya, H., & Zulqarnain, M. (2018). Transformational leadership, corporate social responsibility,organizational innovation, and organizational performance:Symmetrical and asymmetrical analytical approaches. Coporate Social Responsibility Environmental Management, 1-14.
Khan, S., Khan, M., Kundi, M., & Khan, G. (2014). The Impact of Job Satisfaction and Organizational commitment on the Intention to leave among the Academicians. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-18.
Kim , S. M., & Thapa , B. (2018). Relationship of Ethical Leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Performance. Sustainability, 10(447), 1-16.
Kim, W., & Mauborgne , R. (1992, 1 1). Parables of Leadership. Harward Business Review, p. 123.
Kline , R. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (Fourth Edition ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Koech, P., & Namusonge, G. (2012). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance at State Corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 8(2), 1-12.
Kunda , M., Ataman, G., & Kartaltepe, B. (2019). Corporate social responsibility and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Global Responsibility, 10(1), 47-68.
Lambooy, T. (2014). Legal Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility. Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 30(78), 1-6.
Lee, H., & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge management enablers, process and organizational performance; An integrative view and empirical examination . Journal of Management Informationa System , 20(1), 179-228.
Lee, M. (2007). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 53-73.
Liberson, S., & O'Connor, J. F. (1972). Leadership and organizational performance: a study of large corporations. American Sociological Review, 37(1), 117-130.
Lindgreen, A., & Swaen, V. (2010). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Review, 1-7.
Lussier , R., & Achua, C. (2007). Effective Leadership (3rd ed.). OH: Thomson South-Western.
Mahadeen, B., Al-Dmour, R., Obeidat, B., & Tarhini, A. (2016). Examining the effect of the Organization‟s Internal Control System on Organizational Effectiveness. Journal of Business Administration, 7(6), 22-41.
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Nurunbaani, M., & Subhan, Q. (2019). Impact of transformational leadership on job performance and CSR as mediator in SMEs”. Sustainability, 11(2), 436.
Margolis, J., & Walsh, J. (2003). Misery loves companies: rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 268-305.
Masa'deh, R., Obediat, B., & Al-Dmour, R. (2016). A Jordanian Empirical Study of The Associations Among Transformatioal leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance and financial performance . Journal of Management Development , 681-705.
Mazutis, D. (2014). CEO open executive orientation and positive CSR intiative adoption. New York, USA: Academy of Management: Briarcliff Manor.
Miah, M. (2018). The impact of employee job satisfaction towars organizational performance. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(12), 270-279.
Miles, M., & Covin, J. (2000). Environmental marketing: A source of reputational, competitive, and financial advantage. Journal of Business Ethics, 23(1), 299-311.
Min, S., & Wei, Y. (2013). Supply chain management and financial performance: literature review and future directions. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 10(1), 1283-1317.
Muller, K., Hattrup, K., Spiess, S., & Lin-HI, N. (2012). The effects of corporate social responsibility on employees affective commitment . Journal of Applied Psychology , 97.
Namusonge, G., & Koech, P. M. (2012). The effect of leadership styles on organizational performance at state corporations in kenya. International Journal of Business , 1-12.
Newkirk, H., & Lederer, A. (2005). The effectiveness of strategic information systems planning under environmental uncertainity. Information & Management, 43(1), 481-501.
Nguyen, T., Mia, L., Winata, L., & Chong, V. (2017). Effect of transformational leadership style on management control system on managerial performance. Journal of Business research, 70(1), 202-213.
Northouse , P. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice. California : Sage Publications .
Northouse, P. (2015). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication.
Obeidat, B. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Employee Engagement, and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, 9(9), 1-18.
Obiwuru, T. C., Okwu, A., Akpa , V., & Nwankwere, I. (2011). Effects of Leadership Style on Organozational Performance. Journal of Business and Management Research, 1.1(7), 100-111.
Okewenba, E., Mwalati, S., Egessa, R., & Maniagi, G. (2014). Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisation Performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention,, 37-51.
okwemba, E., Mwalati, S., Egessa, R., Musiega, D., & Maniagi, G. (2014). Effect of CSR on Organization Performance . International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(4), 37-51.
Owen, H., Gazzard, N., & Hodgson, V. (2004). Your Complete Practical Guide to Effective Leadership. The Leadership Manual, 1-20.
Pavelin, S., & Porter, L. (2008). The corporate social performance content of innovation in the UK. Journal of Business Ethics, 711-725.
Ramezan, M., Sanjaghi, M., Rahimian, H., & Baly, K. (2013). Organizational change capacity and organizational performance: An empirical analysis on an innovative industry. Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China, 5(3), 188-212.
Rettab, B., & Mellahi, K. (2009). A study of management perceptions of impact of CSR in organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(1), 317-390.
Sadia, A., & Akram, A. (2018). Transformational Leadership and organizational performance. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 1(3), 1-20.
Sadler, P. (2003). Leadership. London: Kogan Page.
Samy, M., Odermilim, G., & Bampton , R. (2010). Corporate social responsibility: a strategy for sustainable business success. An analysis of 20 selected British companies. Corporate Governance , 10(2), 203-217.
Sararrah, S., Tarhini, A., Obeidat, B., Salti, Z., & Kattoua, T. (2016). The Effect of Culture on Strategic Human resource Management Practices. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 7(4), 704-716.
Schinzel , U. (2019). I am a responsible leader” responsible corporate social responsibility: the example of Luxembourg. Business Perspectives and Research, 8(1), 21-35.
Scilly, M. (2014). Four Types of Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved from Small Business: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-types-corporate-social-responsibility-54662.html
Selvarajah, D., Murthy, U., & Massilamany, M. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm’s Financial Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(3), 220-240.
Shahin, A., Pool, J., & Naftchali , j. (2014). Developing a model for the influence of perceived rganizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational performance based on balanced score card. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 290-307.
Shin, I., Hur, W., & Kang, S. (2016). Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and job performance. Sustainability, 8(493), 1-15.
Smirnova, Y. (2012). Perceptions of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan. Social Responsibility Journal, 404-417.
Straub, D., Boudreau, M., & Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research . Communications of the Assocation for Information System, 13(24), 380-427.
Tajeddin, K., Martin, E., & Ali, A. (2020). nhancing hospitality business performance: The role of entrepreneurial orientation and networking ties in a dynamic environment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-15.
Tajeddini, K., & Martin, E. (2020). The importance of human-related factors on service innovation and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-14.
Terry, G. (1960). Principles of Management. Homewood: Richard Publications.
Thapa, A., & Parimoo, D. (2022). Transactional Leadership Style and Organizational Performance:The moderating role of Emotional Intelligence. Parikalpana KIIT Journal of Management, 53-70.
Tsai, C., & Yen, Y. (2008). A model to explore the mystery between organizations' downsizing strategies and firm performance. ournal of Organizational Change Management, 367-384.
Tseng , S., & Huang, J. (2011). The correlation between wikipedia and knowledge sharing on job performance. Expert system with application, 38(1), 6118-6124.
Tseng, S. (2010). The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(2), 269-284.
Tuan, L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, leadership, and brand equity in healthcare service. Social Responsbility Journal, 8(3), 347-362.
Turner, N., Barling, J., Epitropaki, O., Butcher, V., & Milner, C. (2002). Tranformationsl leadership and moral reasoning . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87(1), 304-311.
Valmohammadi, C. (2013). Impact of corporate social responsibility practices on organizational performance; An ISO 26000 perspective . Social Responsibility Journal, 10(3), 455-479.
Valmohammadi, C. (2014). Impact of corporate social responsibility practices on organizational performance. Social Responsibility Journal, 10(3), 455-479.
Valverde, J., & Pisani, E. (2016). The Globalisation of Pharmaceutical Industry. Switzerland: International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations.
Veena, G. L. (2018). Make in India for healthcare sector in India. International Journal of Health Sciences and research , 5(1), 70-76.
Victor, J., Gracia, M., & Antonio, J. (2008). The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance through Knowledge and Innovation. British Journal of Management, 19(4), 299-319.
Vratskikh, I., Al-Lozi, M., & Maqableh, M. (2016). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance via the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(2), 69.
Waddock, S. (2004). Parallel Universes: Companies, Academics, and the Progress of Corporate Citizenship. Business and Society Review.
Waldman, D., Siegel, D., & Javidan, M. (2004). CEO transformational leadership and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Management Studies , 1703-1725.
Wallich , H., & McGowan, J. (1970). Stockholder interest and the corporation’s role in social policy. Washington, DC: Committee for Economic Development.
Wasko , M., & Faraj, S. (2005). Why Should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. MIS Quarterly , 29(1), 35-57.
Yahaya , R., & Ebrahim , F. (2016). Leadership Styles and organizational commitment; literature review . The Journal of Management Development , 35(2), 190-216.
Zhu , Y., Sun, L., & Leung , A. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance. Asia pacific Journal Management , 925-947.
Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., & Hooke , A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects. The leadership Quaterely, 24(1), 94-105.
Zientara, P., Kujawski, L., & Bohdanowicz, P. (2015). orporate Social Responsibility and Employee Attitudes: Evidence from a Study of Polish Hotel Employees. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(6), 859-880.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 613 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 618 |
||