Effect of Open Dump on Geotechnical Properties and Heavy Metal Concentrations of Soil in North of Hilla City, Babylon Governorate, Iraq

Agbeshie, A. A., Adjei, R., Anokye, L. & Banunle, A. (2020). Municipal waste dumpsite: Impact on soil properties & heavy metal concentrations, Sunyani, Ghana. Sci. Afri., 8; e00390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00390 
Ajibade, F. O., Adelodun, B., Ajibade, T. F., Lasisi, K. H., Abiola, C., Adewumi, J. R. & Akinbile, C. O. (2021). The threatening effects of open dumping on soil at waste disposal sites of Akure City, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment & Waste Management, 27(2); 127-146. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343218193
Al-Ansari, A. C. N., Hussein, H. M., Kamaleddin, S., Knutsson, S., Pusch, R., & Laue, J. (2017). Soil Characteristics in Selected L&fill Sites in the Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Journal of Civil Engineering & Architecture, 11(4); 348-363.
Ali, S. M., Pervaiz, A., Afzal, B., Hamid, N. & Yasmin, A. (2014). Open dumping of municipal solid waste & its hazardous impacts on soil & vegetation diversity at waste dumping sites of Islamabad city. J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 26(1); 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.08.003    
Al-Rubaiee, A. H. & Al-Owaidi, M. R. (2022).  Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Soils of selected areas in Hilla City, Babylon, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science, 63(4); 1627-1641. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2022.63.4.21    
Asres, M. B., Haddis, A. & Ousman, Z. W. (2020). Assessment of the effect of solid waste dump site on surrounding soil & river water quality in Tepi town, Southwest Ethiopia. J. Environ. Health, (7); 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5157046 
ASTM D-2166-82 (1986). St&ard Test Method For, Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, Annual Book of ASTM St&ards Vol, 04. 08.
ASTM D-2487 (2011). St&ard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system). American society for testing materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, pa19428.
ASTM D-422 (2007). St&ard test methods for particle-size analysis of soils. Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, pa19428, USA, 2007.
ASTM D-698 (2012). St&ard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (600knm/m3), reprinted from the annual book of ASTM standards. Copyright ASTM, Vol. 4, No.8.
ASTM D-854 (2010). St&ard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 04.08, Philadelphia, ASTM, USA. Copyright, ASTM international, 10&0 bar harbor drive, PO box c700, West Conshohocken.
ASTM D-854 (2010). St&ard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 04.08, Philadelphia, p&a, ASTM, USA. Copyright, ASTM international, Barr harbor drive, PO box c700, West Conshohocken.
ASTM, D-2216 (2005). St&ard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil & rock by mass. West Conshohocken: American society for testing & materials.
Brevik, E. C. (2014). Soil health & productivity. In W. Verheye (Eds.), Soils, Plant Growth & Crop Production (pp. 106-137). EOLSS, UNESCO.
Breza-Boruta, B., Lemanowicz, J. & Bartkowiak, A. (2016). Variation in biological & physicochemical parameters of the soil affected by uncontrolled landfill sites. Environ. Earth Sci., 75(3); 201–213.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4955-9  
Dominquez, M., Nunez, P. R., Pineiro, J. & Barral, M. T (2019). Physicochemical & biochemical properties of an acid soil under potato culture amended with municipal solid waste compost. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric., 8; 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0246-x 
Essienubong, I. A., Okechukwu, E. P. & Ejuvwedia, S. G. (2019). Effects of waste dumpsites on geotechnical properties of the underlying soils in wet season. Environmental Engineering Research, 24(2); 289-297.  https://doi.org/1 0.4491/eer.2018.162 
Fazeli, G., Karbassi, A., Khoramnejadian, S. & Nasrabadi, T. (2019). Evaluation of Urban Soil Pollution: A Combined Approach of Toxic Metals & Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). International Journal of Environmental Research, 13; 801–811.
Indoria, A. K., Sharma, K. L., Reddy K. S. & Rao, C. S. (2017). Role of soil physical properties in soil health management & crop productivity in rainfed systems I: soil physical constraints & scope. Curr. Sci., 112(12); 2405-2414.
Jassim, S. Z. & Goff, J. C. (Eds.) (2006). Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague.
Jonasi, V., Matina, K., Guyou, U. (2017). Removal of Pb (II) & Cd (II) from aqueous solution using alkaline-modified pumice stone powder (PSP): equilibrium, kinetic, & thermodynamic studies. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 41(5); 748-759. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1701-40 
Karbassi, S., Nasrabadi, T. & Shahriari, T.  (2016). Metallic pollution of soil in the vicinity of National Iranian Lead & Zinc (NILZ) Company. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(22); 1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6244-7 
Kebede, G. E., Mekonnen, E. & Manikandan, R. (2018). Composition & characterization of municipal solid waste in landfill site: in case of Dilla city, Ethiopia. Environmental Science: An Indian Journal, 14(1); 170-177.
Lagerkvist, A. & Dahlen, L. (2019). Solid Waste Generation & Characterization. In: N. J., Themelis, & A. C., Bourtsalas (Eds.), Recovery of Materials & Energy from Urban Waste: A Volume in the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science & Technology, 2nd ed. (pp. 7-20). Springer, New York.
Montgomery, C. W. (2011). Environmental Geology, (9th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
Nasrabadi T. & Maedeh P. A. (2014). Groundwater quality assessment in southern parts of Tehran plain, Iran. Enviro. Earth Sci., 71; 2077–2086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2610-x 
Okonkwo, C. I., Arinzechukwu, P. & Njoku, C. (2013). Changes in physical & chemical properties of soil in timber sawmill dumpsite in Abakaliki, Abakaliki Southeastern, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Clim. Chang., 3(2); 215–228. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2013/2038 
Oladipo, A. A., Ahaka, E. O. & Gazi, M. (2019). High adsorptive potential of calcined magnetic biochar derived from banana peels for Cu2+, Hg2+, & Zn2+ ions removal in single & ternary systems. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 26; 31887–31899.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06321-5 
Pattnaik, S. & Reddy, M. V. (2010). Assessment of municipal solid waste management in Puducherry (Pondicherry), India. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 54(8); 512–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.10.008 
Saravanakumar, K., Senthilkumar, R., Prasad, D. M., Reddy, P., Balakrishna, S. N., Manickam, S. & Gajendiran, V. (2020). Batch & Column Arsenate Sorption Using Turbinaria ornata Seaweed Derived Biochar: Experimental Studies & Mathematical Modeling. Chemistry Select, 5(12); 3661–3668. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202000548 
Sozubek, B., Belliturk, K. & Saglam, M. T. (2015). Effect of Zinc Application on Cadmium Uptake of Maize Grown in Alkaline Soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, 46(10); 1244-1248.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2015.1033534 
Taylor, S. & McLennan, S.M. (1985). The continental crust: Its composition & evolution. an examination of the geochemical record preserved in sedimentary rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford University.