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ارزیابی آب کاربردی و نمایه‌های عملکرد آبیاری در جو زمستانه (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 4، تیر 1402، صفحه 559-578 اصل مقاله (1.94 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.340831.669476 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزین پرچمی عراقی* 1؛ سید ابوالقاسم حقایقی مقدم2 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در دست داشتن برآوردهایی معتبر از آب کاربردی فصلی و نمایه‌های ارزیابی عملکرد آبیاری در شرایط واقعی مدیریت آبیاری و بهره‌برداری اعمال شده در مزارع، پیش‌نیاز بهبود مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی است. در پژوهش حاضر، آب کاربردی فصلی و نمایه‌های ارزیابی عملکرد آبیاری جو زمستانه در 25 مزرعه تحت مدیریت زارعین واقع در استان اردبیل (شهرستان‌های اردبیل، نمین، نیر و کوثر)، در فصل زراعی 1400-1399 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نیاز آبی خالص جو در مزارع مطالعاتی در فصل زراعی 1400-1399 و میانگین 10 ساله آن به‌ترتیب، در دامنه 476 تا 652 و 403 تا 535 میلی‌متر برآورد شد (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین 530 و 449 میلی‌متر). مجموع آب کاربردی و بارش موثر فصلی (I + Pe) و عملکرد دانه جو به‌ترتیب، بین 266 تا 716 میلی‌متر و 14/0 تا 07/4 تن بر هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین وزنی 475 میلی‌متر و 33/2 تن بر هکتار). در نتیجه محدودیت دسترسی به آب آبیاری، 3 تا 91 درصد (با میانگین وزنی 52 درصد) از عملکرد مورد انتظار جو آبی در منطقه (5/4 تن بر هکتار) محقق گردید. اثر سطح مهارت بهره‌برداران، تناوب زراعی، نوع منبع تامین آب آبیاری و روش آبیاری بر نمایه‌های بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب، معنی‌دار (P < 0.05) بود. نتایج نشان داد در منطقه مطالعاتی، مزارع با منبع آب سطحی از بیشترین آسیب‌پذیری نسبت به شرایط خشکسالی، برخوردار هستند. بهبود انعطاف‌پذیری مدیریت آب در مزارع و کاهش اثرات مخرب روزهای گرم و پرباد در مرحله پرشدن دانه‌ها، می‌تواند بهبود نمایه‌های بهره‌وری آب را در پی داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبیاری بارانی؛ آبیاری سطحی؛ تناوب زراعی؛ تنش خشکی؛ فائو پنمن- مانتیث | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of applied water and irrigation performance indicators in winter barley (a case study: Ardabil province, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzin Parchami-Araghi1؛ Seyed Abolghasem Haghayeghi-Moghaddam2 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Reliable estimates of the seasonal applied water and irrigation performance assessment indicators under current irrigation and farm management are perquisites for improving water resources management. In this study, seasonal applied water and irrigation performance assessment indicators of winter barley were studied by monitoring 25 farms under actual conditions, in Ardabil Province (Ardabil, Namin, Nir and Kosar counties), Iran, during the growing season 2020-2021. The seasonal estimates of the net irrigation requirement during the growing season 2020-2021 and its 10-year average ranged from 476 to 652 mm and from 403 to 535 mm (with a mean of 530 and 449 mm), respectively, over the study farms. The total sum of seasonal applied water and effective precipitation (I + Pe) and the barley grain yield ranged from 266 to 716 mm and from 0.14 to 4.07 ton ha-1 (with a weighted average, WA, of 475 mm and 2.33 ton ha-1), respectively. As a result of limited irrigation water availability, 3-91% (with a WA of 52%) of the intended yield of irrigated barley in the study area (4.5 ton ha-1) was achieved. Physical and economic water productivity indicators were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by farmer's skill level, crop rotation, type of irrigation water source, and irrigation method. The results indicated that farms with surface water supply showed the highest vulnerability to drought periods. Improving the on-farm water management flexibility and mitigating the negative impacts of hot and windy days during the grain filling stage can improve water productivity indicators in the study area. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crop Rotation, Drought Stress, FAO Penman- Monteith, Sprinkler Irrigation, Surface Irrigation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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