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تعیین بهترین شیوههای مدیریتی آلایندههای غیرنقطهای با استفاده از مدل ArcSWAT (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز دشت بزرگ) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 54، شماره 4، تیر 1402، صفحه 655-673 اصل مقاله (1.94 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.350603.669387 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
لیدا واصل1؛ احمد فرخیان فیروزی* 2؛ عطااله خادم الرسول3 | ||
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران، | ||
2دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
3استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
بهترین شیوههای مدیریتی راهکارهایی در راستای کاهش آلایندههای غیر نقطهای در حوضههای آبریز هستند. استفاده از این راهکارها مستلزم شناخت ویژگیهای حوضه و سرمایهگذاری در حوضههای آبریز است. بر این مبنا کاربرد مدلهای کامپیوتری به منظور شبیهسازی شرایط واقعی حوضههای آبریز کمک موثری به کاهش وقت و هزینه میکند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر سناریوهای مدیریتی مختلف بر هدررفت آلایندههای غیر نقطهای در حوضهی آبریز دشت بزرگ در ایران با استفاده از مدل ArcSWAT است. برای گردآوری دادههای مشاهدهای، نمونهبرداری از آب رودخانه از شهریور ماه 1399 تا خرداد 1400 انجام شد. دادههای مشاهدهای ماههای شهریور تا اسفند برای واسنجی مدل و دادههای مشاهدهای ماههای فروردین تا خرداد برای اعتبار سنجی مدل استفاده گردید. پس از شناسایی مناطق بحرانی، سه سناریو غیر سازهای و پنج سناریو سازهای به مدل اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل ArcSWAT پیشبینی بسیار خوبی در برآورد بار آلایندههای غیر نقطهای (نیترات، نیتروژن کل و فسفر کل) داشته است. سناریوهای تناوب «گندم- سیب زمینی- گوجه فرنگی» و «گندم، برنج-گندم، ماش-گندم» بیشترین هدررفت نیترات و نیتروژن کل را نشان دادند درحالیکه کمترین میزان هدررفت فسفر کل در تناوب «گندم- سیب زمینی- گوجه فرنگی» مشاهده شد. روشهای تراسبندی و بافر گیاهی به عنوان روشهای برتر کاهش بار آلایندههای غیر نقطهای شناخته شدند. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که انجام اقدامات مدیریتی در کاربریهای غالب و در جهت کاهش درجه شیب میتواند بار آلایندههای غیر نقطهای را به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش دهد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تناوب زراعی؛ خاکورزی حفاظتی؛ مدیریت بقایا؛ فسفر؛ نیتروژن | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Determining the best management practices of non-point pollutants using ArcSWAT model (Case study: Dashte Bozorg catchment) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Lida Vasel1؛ Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi2؛ Ataallah Khademalrasoul3 | ||
1Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran | ||
3Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The best management practices are solutions to reduce non-point pollution in catchments. In many cases, the use of these solutions requires knowing the features of the watershed and investing in this sector. Accordingly, the use of computer models to simulate real catchment conditions can be an effective way to reduce time and cost. This research aimed to investigate the effect of different management scenarios on non-point source pollution losses in Dashte Bezorg catchment in Iran using the ArcSWAT model. To collect observational data, river water was sampled from September 2020 to June 2021. Calibration data were selected from September to March and validation data from April to June. After identifying critical areas, three non-structural scenarios and five structural scenarios were simulated using the model. The results revealed that the ArcSWAT model provides a good prediction in estimating non-point source pollution loads (nitrate, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus). The "wheat-potato-tomato" and "wheat, rice-wheat, mung bean-wheat" rotation scenarios showed the highest total nitrate and nitrogen loss, while the lowest total phosphorus loss was observed in the "wheat-potato-tomato" rotation. The terracing and buffer strip methods were recognized as the best methods of reducing the load of non-point pollution. The findings showed that the application of management practices in dominant land use and reduc the degree of slope can significantly reduce the non-point source pollution loads. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Conservation tillage, Crop rotation, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Residue management | ||
مراجع | ||
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