پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,241 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,871 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,468,600 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,239,014 |
مقایسة توان هسته‌زایی یخ توسط ذرات معدنی در اندازة شن با سیلت-رس و نقش پوشش‌های کربناته در دمای تشکیل یخ | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| دوره 77، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 159-173 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2024.367175.2612 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| نیکو حمزه پور* | ||
| گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدةکشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ذرات گردوغبار معدنی نقش مهمی در تشکیل هسته های یخی و در نهایت میزان بارندگی به‌خصوص در عرض های میانی دارند. ازاین رو درک نقش هر یک از اجزای تشکیل دهندة گردوغبار و میزان مشارکت آنها در فعالیت هسته زایی یخ (INA) در ابرها از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. بنابراین اهداف تحقیق حاضر عبارت از 1- مقایسة INA در اندازة شن با بخش سیلت-رس و 2- تعیین نقش کربنات های موجود در خاک ها در دمای تشکیل ابر (Thet) و در درصد هسته زایی ناهمگن (Fhet) بودند. بدین‌منظور 16 نمونه خاک و گردغبار از اراضی حساس به فرسایش بادی که در نتیجه پسروی دریاچة ارومیه برجای مانده اند، تهیه شدند. ذرات شن از بخش سیلت-رس توسط الک 50 میکرومتر جداسازی شد. سپس در هر نمونه و هر اندازة ذرات، حذف کربنات ها و املاح محلول صورت گرفت و INA نمونه ها به روش انجماد غوطه‌وری تعیین شد. از طیف مادون قرمز تبدیل فوریه (FTIR) برای تعیین نوع کربنات ها در نمونه های طبیعی و تأیید حذف باندهای مربوطه در نمونه های فاقد کربنات ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در اغلب نمونه ها، ذرات سیلت-رس، INA بالاتری نسبت به ذرات شن دارند. این امر می تواند ناشی از اندازة کوچکتر و سطح ویژة بالاتر آنها و در نتیجه وجود جایگاه های فعال بیشتر در هسته زایی یخ باشد. در نمونه های حذف کربنات، به استثنای نمونه با میزان کربنات و نمک اندک، پارامترهای Thet و Fhet افزایش داشتند. میانگین افزایش Thet و Fhet در بخش شن به‌ترتیب 7/0 درجة کلوین و 9 % و در بخش سیلت-رس 1 درجة کلوین و 15 % به‌دست آمد. بالاترین افزایش در Thet در هر دو اندازة ذرات، در نمونه های D4 و S5 با میزان کربنات معادل 43 % و کانی غالب آراگونیت و 41 % و کانی غالب کلسیت مشاهده شد که نسبت به نمونة طبیعی، به‌ترتیب افزایشی معادل 2/5 و 3/3 درجة کلوین داشتند. با این حال بالاترین افزایش در Fhet، مربوط به نمونه های D1 تا D4 بود که نمونه های غنی از کانی آراگونیت بودند. بنابراین به‌نظر میرسد فراوانی کانی آراگونیت در نمونه های مورد مطالعه، از عوامل مهم در کاهش INA توسط نمونه های گردوغبار حاصل از سطوح برجای مانده از پسروی دریاچة ارومیه باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آراگونیت؛ درصد هسته‌زایی ناهمگن؛ دمای هسته‌زایی ناهمگن؛ کلسیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The comparison of ice nucleation ability of sand with silt-clay fraction of mineral particles and the role of carbonate coatings in ice formation temperature | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nikou Hamzehpour | ||
| Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of ice and ultimately the amount of precipitation, especially in the middle latitudes. Therefore, understanding the role of each component of dust and their contribution in ice nucleation activity in clouds is of particular importance. Therefore, the objectives of the present research were 1. to compare the ice nucleation activity of sand-sized particles with silt-clay and 2. to determine the role of carbonates in soils in the cloud formation temperature (Thet) and in the percentage of heterogeneous nucleation (Fhet). For this purpose, sixteen soil and dust samples were collected from highly sensitive playa surfaces which are exposed to wind erosion as a consequence of Lake Urmia (LU) recession. The sand particles were separated from the silt-clay section by a 50 μm sieve. Then, carbonates and soluble solutes were removed in each sample and each particle size, and the nucleation activity of the samples was determined by immersion freezing method. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) was used to determine both the type of carbonates in natural samples and to confirm the removal of the corresponding bands in carbonate-removed samples. The results showed that in most samples, silt-clay particles have stronger nucleation activity than sand particles. This could be due to their smaller size with higher specific surface area which lead to the presence of more active sites in ice nucleation. The comparison of carbonate removal samples with soluble solute removal samples showed that although solute washing from the samples alone increases the ice nucleation activity, this change is more significant in the carbonate removal samples. Thet and Fhet parameters increased in carbonate removal samples, except for the sample with low carbonate and salt content. The average increase of Thet and Fhet in the sand component was 0.7 Kelvin and 9%, and in the silt-clay component was 1 Kelvin and 15%, respectively. The highest increase in Thet after carbonate removal in both particle sizes was observed in D4 and S5 samples with carbonate content of 0.43% and aragonite as dominant mineral in D4 and 0.41% and the dominant mineral of calcite in S5. The increase in Thet in comparison to the natural samples was 3.2 Kelvin in D4 and 3.3 Kelvin in S5. However, the highest increase in Fhet was related to samples D1 to D4, which were rich in aragonite mineral. Therefore, it seems that the abundance of aragonite mineral in the studied samples is one of the important factors in reducing the ice nucleation activity of dust samples originated from the LU playa surfaces. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aragonite, Calcite, Heterogeneous ice nucleation fraction, Heterogeneous ice nucleation temperature | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmady-Birgani, H., Mirnejad, H., Feiznia, S. McQueen, K.G., 2015. Mineralogy and geochemistry of atmospheric particulates in western Iran. Atmospheric Environment 119, 262-272. Al-Dabbas, M.A., Ayad Abbas, M. Al-Khafaji, R.M., 2012. Dust storms loads analyses—Iraq. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 5, 121-131. Al-Hemoud, A., Al-Dashti, H., Al-Saleh, A., Petrov, P., Malek, M., Elhamoud, E., Al-Khafaji, S., Li, J., Koutrakis, P., Doronzo, D., Middleton, N., 2022. Dust storm ‘hot spots’ and transport pathways affecting the Arabian Peninsula. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 238-239, 105932. Boose, Y., Welti, A., Atkinson, J., Ramelli, F., Danielczok, A., Bingemer, H.G., Plötze, M., Sierau, B., Kanji, Z.A., Lohmann, U., 2016. Heterogeneous ice nucleation on dust particles sourced from nine deserts worldwide–Part 1: Immersion freezing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(23), 15075-15095. Dane, J.H., Topp, C.G. eds., 2020. Methods of soil analysis, Part 4: Physical methods (Vol. 20). John Wiley & Sons. Díaz-Hernández, J.L., Martín-Ramos, J.D., López-Galindo, A., 2011. Quantitative analysis of mineral phases in atmospheric dust deposited in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Atmospheric Environment 45(18), 3015-3024. Field, P.R., Heymsfield, A.J., 2015. Importance of snow to global precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters 42(21), 9512-9520. Gkikas, A., Proestakis, E., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Di Tomaso, E., Marinou, E., Hatzianastassiou, N., Kok, J.F., García-Pando, C.P., 2022. Quantification of the dust optical depth across spatiotemporal scales with the MIDAS global dataset (2003-2017). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22(5), 3553-3578. Goudie, A.S., Goudie, A.M., Viles, H.A., 2021. The distribution and nature of star dunes: A global analysis. Aeolian Research 50, 100685. Hamzehpour, N., Marcolli, C., Pashai, S., Klumpp, K., Peter, T., 2022a. Measurement report: The Urmia playa as a source of airborne dust and ice-nucleating particles–Part 1: Correlation between soils and airborne samples. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22(22), 14905-14930. Hamzehpour, N., Marcolli, C., Klumpp, K., Thöny, D., Peter, T., 2022b. The Urmia playa as a source of airborne dust and ice-nucleating particles–Part 2: Unraveling the relationship between soil dust composition and ice nucleation activity. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22(22), 14931-14956. Harrison, A.D., Lever, K., Sanchez-Marroquin, A., Holden, M.A., Whale, T.F., Tarn, M.D., McQuaid, J.B., Murray, B.J., 2019. The ice-nucleating ability of quartz immersed in water and its atmospheric importance compared to K-feldspar. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19(17), 11343-11361. Heymsfield, A.J., Sabin, R.M., 1989. Cirrus crystal nucleation by homogeneous freezing of solution droplets. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 46(14), 2252-2264. Hiranuma, N., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Bingemer, H., Budke, C., Curtius, J., Danielczok, A., Diehl, K., Dreischmeier, K., Ebert, M., Frank, F., Hoffmann, N., 2015. A comprehensive laboratory study on the immersion freezing behavior of illite NX particles: a comparison of 17 ice nucleation measurement techniques. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(5), 2489-2518. Hoose, C., Möhler, O., 2012. Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(20), 9817-9854. Huang, S., Hu, W., Chen, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, D., Fu, P., 2021. Overview of biological ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere. Environment International 146, 106197. IPCC: Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1535. Jackson, M.L., 2005. Soil chemical analysis: advanced course. UW-Madison Libraries parallel press. Kanji, Z.A., Ladino, L.A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo, D.J. and Krämer, M., 2017. Overview of ice nucleating particles. Meteorological Monographs 58, 1-33. Kaufmann, L., Marcolli, C., Hofer, J., Pinti, V., Hoyle, C.R., Peter, T., 2016. Ice nucleation efficiency of natural dust samples in the immersion mode. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(17), 11177-11206. Kaufmann, L., Marcolli, C., Luo, B., Peter, T., 2017. Refreeze experiments with water droplets containing different types of ice nuclei interpreted by classical nucleation theory. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(5), 3525-3552. Koop, T., Luo, B., Tsias, A., Peter, T., 2000. Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions. Nature 406(6796), 611-614. Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., Peter, T., 2019a. Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions–Part 2: Quartz and amorphous silica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19(9), 6035-6058. Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., Peter, T., 2019b. Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions–Part 3: Aluminosilicates. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(9), 6059-6084. Kumar, A., Marcolli, C., Luo, B., Peter, T., 2018. Ice nucleation activity of silicates and aluminosilicates in pure water and aqueous solutions–Part 1: The K-feldspar microcline. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(10), 7057-7079. Lohmann, U., Lüönd, F., Mahrt, F., 2016. An introduction to clouds: From the microscale to climate. Cambridge University Press. Maeda, N., 2021. Brief overview of ice nucleation. Molecules 26(2), 392. Marcolli, C., Gedamke, S., Peter, T., Zobrist, B., 2007. Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7(19), 5081-5091. Middleton, N.J., 2017. Desert dust hazards: A global review. Aeolian research, 24, 53-63. Mülmenstädt, J., Sourdeval, O., Delanoë, J., Quaas, J., 2015. Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid‐, mixed‐, and ice‐phase clouds derived from A‐Train satellite retrievals. Geophysical Research Letters 42(15), 6502-6509. Murray, B.J., O'sullivan, D., Atkinson, J.D., Webb, M.E., 2012. Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets. Chemical Society Reviews 41(19), 6519-6554. Nagare, B., Marcolli, C., Welti, A., Stetzer, O., Lohmann, U., 2016. Comparing contact and immersion freezing from continuous flow diffusion chambers. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(14), 8899-8914. Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods 5, 961-1010. O'Sullivan, D., Murray, B.J., Malkin, T.L., Whale, T.F., Umo, N.S., Atkinson, J.D., Price, H.C., Baustian, K.J., Webb, M.E., 2014. Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(4), 1853-1867. O′ Sullivan, D., Murray, B.J., Ross, J.F., Whale, T.F., Price, H.C., Atkinson, J.D., Umo, N.S., Webb, M.E., 2015. The relevance of nanoscale biological fragments for ice nucleation in clouds. Scientific Reports 5(1), 8082. Peckhaus, A., Kiselev, A., Hiron, T., Ebert, M., Leisner, T., 2016. A comparative study of K-rich and Na/Ca-rich feldspar ice-nucleating particles in a nanoliter droplet freezing assay. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(18), 11477-11496. Pinti, V., Marcolli, C., Zobrist, B., Hoyle, C.R., Peter, T., 2012. Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(13), 5859-5878. Rashki, A., Eriksson, P.G., Rautenbach, C.D.W., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Grote, W., Dykstra, J., 2013. Assessment of chemical and mineralogical characteristics of airborne dust in the Sistan region, Iran. Chemosphere 90(2), 227-236. Shao, Y., Wyrwoll, K.H., Chappell, A., Huang, J., Lin, Z., McTainsh, G.H., Mikami, M., Tanaka, T.Y., Wang, X., Yoon, S., 2011. Dust cycle: An emerging core theme in Earth system science. Aeolian Research 2(4), 181-204. Vahidipour, M., Raeisi, E., van der Zee, S.E., 2022. Potentially toxic metals in sediments, lake water and groundwater of the Ramsar wetlands Bakhtegan–Tashk, South Iran: Distribution and source assessment. Environmental Technology & Innovation 28, 102789. Vali, G., DeMott, P.J., Möhler, O., Whale, T.F., 2015. A proposal for ice nucleation terminology. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(18), 10263-10270. Welti, A., Lohmann, U., Kanji, Z.A., 2019. Ice nucleation properties of K-feldspar polymorphs and plagioclase feldspars. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(16), 10901-10918. Yun, J., Link, N., Kumar, A., Shchukarev, A., Davidson, J., Lam, A., Walters, C., Xi, Y., Boily, J.F., Bertram, A.K., 2020. Surface composition dependence on the ice nucleating ability of potassium-rich feldspar. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 4(6), 873-881. Zolles, T., Burkart, J., Häusler, T., Pummer, B., Hitzenberger, R., Grothe, H., 2015. Identification of ice nucleation active sites on feldspar dust particles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 119(11), 2692-2700. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 23 |
||