The effect of the color of educational tools and teaching aids on learning futsal inside kick skills: The role of trait anxiety

Azadzadeh, Hamed; Estiri, Zahra; Shahabi Kaseb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.375249.1132

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	The effect of the color of educational tools and teaching aids on learning futsal inside kick skills: The role of trait anxiety
Sport Sciences and Health Research
دوره 16، شماره 2، مهر 2024، صفحه 155-165 اصل مقاله (676.88 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/sshr.2024.375249.1132
نویسندگان
Hamed Azadzadeh¹؛ Zahra Estiri^* ²؛ Mohammad Reza Shahabi Kaseb³
¹motor behavior, sport sciences, hakim Sabzevari university, Sabzevar, Iran
²motor behavior , sport sciences, hakim Sabzevari university, Sabzevar, Iran
³Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده
Background: Colors can play an effective role in the level of attention, arousal, anxiety, and motivation of learners in learning. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the color of educational tools and teaching aids and the role of trait anxiety on learning futsal inside kick skills. Materials and Methods: Sixty football school participants aged 10-12 years, who, had no experience in futsal matches, according to the type of color (warm and cool) and the level of anxiety (high and low) in four groups were selected. The participants performed 135 trials during three acquisition sessions including 3 blocks of 15 and they rested for 5 sec between each attempt and 2 min between each block. At the end of the last session, the acquisition test and after 48 hours, the retention test, and after 15 min, the transfer test were performed in the same session in the presence of the spectators. To analysis the data, from variance analysis tests with repeated measurements were used. For the effectiveness of color in the acquisition phase, the two-way variance analysis test was used to compare the groups at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: The effect of training sessions(P<0.001) and the interactive effect of color and anxiety (P<0.028) and test stages (P<0.001) are significant and the changes in the progress of the groups did not take place in the same way. In subjects with high anxiety, the cool color group had better progress than the warm color group, and in low anxiety subjects, the warm color group had better progress than the cool color group. Therefore, in learning futsal side kick skill in subjects with high and low trait anxiety, the color of the tool is known as an effective factor. Conclusion: The use of a variety of training programs along with the color of the tool can improve the learning of futsal inside kick in teenagers with high and low trait anxiety.
کلیدواژه‌ها
cool color؛ futsal inside kick skill؛ trait anxiety؛ warm color

مراجع
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"The effect of trait anxiety and stressful conditions on the processing efficiency and working memory performance". International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2008; 2(1): 25-32. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67577.html. [in Persian] [26] Curry NA, Kasser T. "Can coloring mandalas reduce anxiety?". Journal of the American Art Therapy. 2005; 22(2): 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129441. [27] Landers DM, Arent SM. "Physical activity and mental health". Handbook of Sport Psychology. 2007; 467-491. [28] Gabbiani F, Metzner W. "Encoding and processing of sensory information in neuronal spike trains". Journal of Experimental Biology. 1999; 202(10): 1267-1279. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.10.1267.
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The effect of the color of educational tools and teaching aids on learning futsal inside kick skills: The role of trait anxiety

[1] Dzulkifli MA, Mustafar MF. "The influence of colour on memory performance: A review". The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS. 2013; 20(2): 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23983571/.

[3] Daggett WR, Cobble JE, Gertel SJ. Color in an Optimum Learning environment. International Center for Leadership in Education. 2008.

[4] Schmidt RA, Wrisberg CA. Motor Learning and Performance: A Situation-Based Learning Approach. Human Kinetics. 2008. https://books.google.com/books/about/Motor_Learning_and_Performance.html?id=Ejc27Wrg5rMC.

[5] Ghotbi M, Farsi A, Abdoli B. "Effect of warm and cold colors on athletes’ depth perception in ball and no ball games". Motor Behavior. 2014; 6(17): 43-54. Retrievable from: https://mbj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_15.html.

[6] Gaines KS, Curry ZD. "The inclusive classroom: The effects of color on learning and behavior". Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences Education. 2011; 29(1): 46-57. Retrievable from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146990543.

[7] Khajoei RE, Farokhi A, Abas GPA, Karshenas NAN, Soheilipour S. "The effect of environmental color on simple reaction time to auditory stimulus". Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning. 2013; 3(13): 27-40. https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2013.32133.

[8] Wijk H, Berg S, Bergman B, Hanson AB, Sivik L, Steen B. "Colour perception among the very elderly related to visual and cognitive function". Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2002; 16(1): 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00063.x.

[9] Zarei H, Shojaei SH, Amani H. "Color and its effect on individuals' psychological functions: A Systematic review". Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2021; 8(1). https://www.doi.org/10.52547/johe.8.1.10.

[10] Mehta R, Zhu R. "Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances". Science. 2009; 323(5918): 1226-1229. https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.1169144.

[11] Mills PR, Tomkins SC, Schlangen LJ. "The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance". Journal of Circadian Rhythms. 2007; 5(1): 1-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17217543/.

[12] Black CB, Wright DL. "Can observational practice facilitate error recognition and movement production?". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2000; 71(4): 331-9.

[13] Nasrabadi F. "The effect of the color of educational tools and self-determination on the fundamental manipulation skills of elementary school students". 2022; Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran.

[14] Lingwood J, Blades M, Farran EK, Courbois Y, Matthews D. "The development of wayfinding abilities in children: Learning routes with and without landmarks". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2015; 41: 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.008.

[15] Raeisiyan R, Abdoli B, Farsi A, Hassanlouei H. "The effect of landmarks with their color on learning basketball lay-up in beginners". Journal of Motor Learning and Development. 2021; 9(2): 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0034.

[16] Elliot AJ. "Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work". Frontiers in Psychology. 2015; 6: 368. http://doi.org/DOI:%2010.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368.

[17] Savavibool N, Gatersleben B, Moorapun C. "The effects of colour in work environment: A systematic review". Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies. 2018; 3(13): 149-160. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.152.

[18] Weinberg RS, Gould D. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Human. Kinetics. 2023.

[19] Rubert R, Long LD, Hutchinson ML. "Creating a healing environment in the ICU". Critical Care Nursing: Synergy For Optimal Outcomes. 2007; 27-39.

[21] Don Morris G. "Effects ball and background color have upon the catching performance of elementary school children". Research Quarterly; American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. 1976; 47(3): 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1976.10615391.

[22] Bokums RM, Meira Jr CM, Neiva JF, Oliveira T, Maia JF. "Self-controlled feedback and trait anxiety in motor skill acquisition". Psychology. 2012; 3(5): 406. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.35057.

[23] Calvo MG, Alamo L, Ramos PM. "Test anxiety, motor performance and learning: Attentional and somatic interference". Personality and individual Differences. 1990; 11(1): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90165-N.

[24] Calvo MG, Ramos PM. "Effects of test anxiety on motor learning: The processing efficiency hypothesis". Anxiety Research. 1989; 2(1): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/08917778908249325.

[25] Cheraghi F, Moradi A, Farahani MN. "The effect of trait anxiety and stressful conditions on the processing efficiency and working memory performance". International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2008; 2(1): 25-32. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67577.html. [in Persian]

[26] Curry NA, Kasser T. "Can coloring mandalas reduce anxiety?". Journal of the American Art Therapy. 2005; 22(2): 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129441.

[27] Landers DM, Arent SM. "Physical activity and mental health". Handbook of Sport Psychology. 2007; 467-491.

[28] Gabbiani F, Metzner W. "Encoding and processing of sensory information in neuronal spike trains". Journal of Experimental Biology. 1999; 202(10): 1267-1279. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.10.1267.